Bioactivity, biocompatibility and antimicrobial properties of a chitosan-mineral composite for periodontal tissue regeneration

Abstract

A composite membrane of the polymer, chitosan, and the silver-exchanged mineral phase, tobermorite, was prepared by solvent casting and characterised by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The in vitro bioactivity, cytocompatibility and antimicrobial activity of the composite were evaluated with respect to its potential application as a guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membrane. The in vitro bioactivity was verified by the formation of hydroxyapatite on the surface of the membrane in simulated body fluid and its cytocompatibility was established using MG63 human osteosarcoma cells. The presence of silver ions conferred significant antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and E. coli. The findings of this investigation have indicated that the chitosansilver-tobermorite composite is a prospective candidate for GTR applications.

Effect of Calcium Precursor on the Bioactivity and Biocompatibility of Sol-Gel-Derived Glasses

“…Human osteosarcoma cells are a popular in vitro model for the initial cytocompatibility assessment of implantable biomaterials for dental and orthopaedic applications [6,20,21,22,23,24,25]. In this study, the indirect cytotoxicity of composite chitosan-glass membranes towards MG63 human osteosarcoma cells was evaluated using an MTT assay [6,24]. MG63 osteosarcoma cells are easily cultured, exhibit many of the features of the pre-osteoblastic stage and maintain high phenotypic stability over serial passages [25].…”

“…As is commonly the case during sol-gel and hydrothermal preparations of calcium silicate phases under alkaline conditions, trace quantities (<1 wt %) of calcium carbonate in the forms of calcite and aragonite were present in the calcium-doped samples (Figure 1) [6,24,34]. All crystalline polymorphs of calcium carbonate are biocompatible with respect to bone tissue, and in fact, amorphous calcium carbonate acts as a ‘bioseed’ precursor for the formation of hydroxyapatite in human bone [38].…”

Antibacterial graphene‐based hydroxyapatite/chitosan coating with gentamicin for potential applications in bone tissue engineering

“…Synthetic polymers that are most often used in bone tissue engineering are poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) (Guo, Du, Wang, Cai, & Yang, 2020), polycaprolactone (PCL) (Liu et al, 2020), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) (Januariyasa et al, 2020), poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) (Takahashi, Yamaguchi, Tanimoto, Yao‐Umezawa, & Kasai, 2015), poly(lactic acid) (PLA) (Behera, Sivanjineyulu, Chang, & Chiu, 2018; Zhang et al, 2020). Chitosan (CS) is intensively investigated in the field of tissue engineering due to its unique properties, such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, adhesiveness and intrinsic antibacterial properties (Hurt, Kotha, Trivedi, & Coleman, 2015; Stevanović et al, 2018). It is very important to point out that chitosan can mimic the structure of glycosaminoglycans in the bone extracellular matrix, contributing to the sponginess of the developed bone (Candy & Sharma, 1990; Francis Suh & Matthew, 2000).…”

Composite Sponges for in Situ Alveolar Bone Regeneration Following Tooth Extraction

“…In vitro biocompatibility of the sponges was assessed using human MG63 osteosarcoma cells, as previously described [7]. Briefly, 1 × 1 × 4 mm 3 sections of sponge were placed in direct contact with the osteosarcoma cells at a concentration of 10 6 cells/cm 3 in 96-well plates for 72 h. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay.…”