Clinical Simulation: a strategy that articulates teaching and research practices in nursing

Abstract

Clinical simulation is a dynamic process that involves the creation of a scenario that incorporates a true representation of reality, facilitating the active participation of students and integrating the complexities of practical and theoretical learning with opportunities for repetition, feedback, evaluation and reflection without the risk of causing harm to the patient. 1 Among the possibilities, it appears that clinical simulation technologies are capable of articulate strategies for teaching and research practices, necessary for qualification of health professionals at various levels of health care for the population. When reviewing the history of nursing education we can find the evidence that tell us as that from the beginning the students learned in "Art Galleries" site intended for some practices among them students, also they used some equipment in order to develop technical skills before giving care for people. Among the performed procedures, we can find changes of position to a bedridden person, hygiene and comfort and monitoring vital signs. With this prior experience they were able to develop technical skills and gain knowledge of the operation of the own discipline equipment. Although those practices could not be compared with what is now known as clinical simulation undoubtedly make a valuable precedent for analyzing the patient safety, this principle has been around since the beginning of the nursing career. Another important aspect to highlightis the use of the firstmannequin known as "Mrs. Chase" in clinical nursing practice. This mannequin was built from the early twentieth century at the express request of a nurse who worked at the Training School for Nurses at Hartford Hospital in Connecticut. The mannequin has the size of an adult and had some features that gave it a realistic appearance and built with highly durable materials. This feature facilitates the use in demonstrations and practice of nursing basic skills. The Chase Company also built "Baby Chase" those were children from infants up to four years old mannequins and were based on the standards established by the American Medical Association. These were used to teach mothers basic situations of caring for children. They were also used in nursing schools for the teaching and practice of pediatrics as a way to develop clinical skills. The "Baby Chase" had actual body mass and weight, plus nose and ear openings, which improved the quality of teaching in the area of pediatrics. These records are a landmark in the history as manifest that shows that the use of mannequins have been around since long-time and not only was used in the United States. Thanks to the success were subsequently brought to Latin America with the support of the World Health Organization with the aim of improving the quality of nursing education and safety of people. This development allowed some nursing schools to transform their "Art Galleries" to give rise to "Skills Laboratories" where were included new complete anatomical models and body parts, today known as low...

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