Crop loading studies on ‘Caricia’ and ‘Eva’ apples grown in a mild winter area

Castro, Damián César; Álvarez, Norma; Gabriel, Paola; Micheloud, Norma; Buyatti, Marcela; Gariglio, Norberto

doi:10.1590/0103-9016-2014-0267

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The present study showed that the Medium and Low-crop load treatments significantly improved the fruit quality (Table 3 ). These results are similar to those previously observed 17 , 50 , showing improved apple quality in terms of each fruit weight, size, and firmness with a decrease in crop load of each tree 10 , 17 , 51 . The significant increase in the rate of good quality fruit resulted in overall economic benefits.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effects of crop load on distribution and utilization of 13C and 15N and fruit quality for dwarf apple trees

Ding

Chen

Zhu

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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In order to define the effects of fruit crop load on the distribution and utilization of carbon and nitrogen in dwarf apple trees, we conducted three crop load levels (High-crop load, 6 fruits per trunk cross-sectional area (cm2, TCA)), Medium-crop load (4 fruits cm−2 TCA), Low-crop load (2 fruits cm−2 TCA)) in 2014 and 2015. The results indicated that the 15N derived from fertilizer (Ndff) values of fruits decreased with the reduction of crop load, but the Ndff values of annual branches, leaves and roots increased. The plant 15N-urea utilization rates on Medium and Low-crop load were 1.12–1.35 times higher than the High-crop load. With the reduction of crop load, the distribution rate of 13C and 15N in fruits was gradually reduced, but in contrast, the distribution of 13C and 15N gradually increased in annual branches, leaves and roots. Compared with High-crop load, the Medium and Low-crop load significantly improved fruit quality p < 0.05. Hence, controlling fruit load effectively regulated the distribution of carbon and nitrogen in plants, improved the nitrogen utilization rate and fruit quality. The appropriate crop load level for mature M.26 interstocks apple orchards was deemed to be 4.0 fruits cm−2 TCA.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effects of crop load on distribution and utilization of 13C and 15N and fruit quality for dwarf apple trees

Ding

Chen

Zhu

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…The radius r s of the apple models described in Figure 1a,b was set at 35 mm, in agreement with the mean value measured in our laboratory for three apple varieties (Royal Gala, Golden Delicious and Granny Smith), but also with data reported by others [40,45].…”

Section: Monte Carlo Input Datasupporting

confidence: 85%

Numerical Study of Light Transport in Apple Models Based on Monte Carlo Simulations

2015

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This paper reports on the quantification of light transport in apple models using Monte Carlo simulations. To this end, apple was modeled as a two-layer spherical model including skin and flesh bulk tissues. The optical properties of both tissue types used to generate Monte Carlo data were collected from the literature, and selected to cover a range of values related to three apple varieties. Two different imaging-tissue setups were simulated in order to show the role of the skin on steady-state backscattering images, spatially-resolved reflectance profiles, and assessment of flesh optical properties using an inverse nonlinear least squares fitting algorithm. Simulation results suggest that apple skin cannot be ignored when a Visible/Near-Infrared (Vis/NIR) steady-state imaging setup is used for investigating quality attributes of apples. They also help to improve optical inspection techniques in the horticultural products.

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“…edu). Early fruit production before the trees have developed a complete canopy can permanently limit the final tree size and consequently, can impact future productivity (Castro et al, 2015). Crop load management is particularly important for 'Honeycrisp' because it can limit inconsistent annual flowering and fruit set (Embree et al, 2007), improve fruit quality (Baugher and Schupp, 2010), and decrease susceptibility to storage disorders (Robinson and Watkins, 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

Crop Load Influences Fruit Quality, Nutritional Balance, and Return Bloom in ‘Honeycrisp’ Apple

Serra¹,

Leisso²,

Giordani³

et al. 2016

horts

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The apple variety, ‘Honeycrisp’ has been extensively planted in North America during the last two decades. However, it suffers from several agronomic problems that limit productivity and postharvest quality. To reduce losses, new information is needed to better describe the impact of crop load on productivity and postharvest fruit quality in a desert environment and the major region where ‘Honeycrisp’ expansion is occurring. Here, 7-year-old ‘Honeycrisp’ trees on the M9-Nic29 rootstock (2.5 × 0.9 m) were hand thinned to five different crop loads [from 4.7 to 16.0 fruit/cm2 of trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA)] to compare fruit quality, maturity, fruit size, elemental concentration, and return bloom. Fruit size distribution was affected by crop load. Trees with the highest crop load (16 fruit/cm2) produced smaller fruit. Index of absorbance difference (IAD) measurements (absorption difference between 670 and 720 nm), a proxy indicator of the chlorophyll content below the skin of fruit measured by a DA-meter, were made shortly after harvest (T0) and after 6 months of storage (T1). Fruit from the trees with the lowest crop load had lower IAD values indicating advanced fruit ripeness. The comparison between the IAD classes at T0 and T1 showed that fruit belonging to the lowest IAD class had significantly higher red-blushed overcolor percentage, firmness, dry matter, and soluble solid content than those in the “most unripe” class (highest IAD readings) regardless of crop load. The percentage of blushed color, firmness, titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids content, and dry matter were all higher in the lowest crop loads at both T0 and T1. Fruit calcium (Ca) concentration was lowest at the lowest crop load. The (K + Mg + N):Ca ratio decreased as crop load increased until a crop load of 11.3 fruit/cm2, which was not significantly different from higher crop loads. For return bloom, the highest number of flower clusters per tree was reported for 4.7 fruit/cm2 crop load, and generally it decreased as crop load increased. Here, we highlight the corresponding changes in fruit quality, storability, and elemental balance with tree crop load. To maintain high fruit quality and consistency in yield, careful crop load management is required to minimize bienniality and improve fruit quality and storability.

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Crop loading studies on ‘Caricia’ and ‘Eva’ apples grown in a mild winter area

Cited by 21 publications

References 22 publications

Effects of crop load on distribution and utilization of 13C and 15N and fruit quality for dwarf apple trees

Effects of crop load on distribution and utilization of 13C and 15N and fruit quality for dwarf apple trees

Numerical Study of Light Transport in Apple Models Based on Monte Carlo Simulations

Crop Load Influences Fruit Quality, Nutritional Balance, and Return Bloom in ‘Honeycrisp’ Apple

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