Detection of nutritional stress in sugarcane by VIS-NIR-SWIR reflectance spectroscopy

Abstract

This study applied spectroradiometry techniques with hyperspectral data to identify the correlations between sugarcane leaf reflectance and the contents of Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Sulfur (S), Calcium (Ca) and Magnesium (Mg). During the harvests 2019/20 and 2020/21, sugarcane was introduced to nutritional stress by the application of limestone doses. Liming was applied in a fractional way and, at the end of five years, the amounts corresponded to 0, 9, 15 and 21 t ha-1 of dolomitic limestone. The leaf hyperspectral reflectance data and the state of nutrients in the exponential growth phase of the culture were registered. The wavelengths correlated with N, P, K, S, Ca and Mg were identified using the Spearman’s correlation analysis. The test of similarity (ANOSIM) and the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were applied to evaluate data variability, as well as the Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) for the prediction of the nutritional contents. The order of the degree of correlation in the region of visible was: P > K > N > Ca > S > Mg and for the region of the near infrared: P > K > Ca > N > S > Mg. P presented peaks with high correlations in the wavelengths 706-717 nm (-0.78) and 522-543 nm (-0.76). The values of the PLSR registered the best spectral responses in the region of VIS and red-edge, regions that are more sensitive to the deficiency of sulfur, potassium and phosphorus.

Prediction of leaf nitrogen in sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) by Vis-NIR-SWIR spectroradiometry

“…Furthermore, it is already used to evaluate the nitrogen status (N) in cultures such as rice [ 11 ]; tea leaves [ 9 ]; cotton [ 12 ]; apple [ 13 ]; soybean, tepary bean and mothbean [ 14 ] and spinach [ 15 ]. In general, these studies have shown good performance of Vis-NIR-SWIR spectroradiometry in estimating parameters related to agricultural crops, since N is closely related to the visible (400–700 nm) and red-edge (670–780 nm) bands [ 16 , 17 ].…”

“…Differently from other crops, there are few studies considering the use of spectroradiometry for the evaluation of leaf contents in sugarcane, and they are even more scarce for the Brazilian conditions [ 16 , 20 ]. Conversely, the existing works indicate a great potential of the technique [ 16 , 17 , 21 ]. Despite presenting promising perspectives, most of these studies have directed their efforts to the quantification of the N content in only one vegetative stage of the crop.…”