“…Indeed, the social demand for gelatin has increased over the last few decades because of its unique surface-active properties, allowing its wide application in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and other industries (Zhou & Regenstein, 2007). For these reasons, gelatin production from processing fish by-products has been a concern of broad interest to related-scientist groups, such as the skin of tra catfish (Thuy et al, 2022); wami tilapia skin (Alfaro et al, 2013); seabass skin (Tekle et al, 2022); and snakehead skin and bone (Rosmawati et al, 2021). However, there is no public consideration for gelatin extracted from snakehead fish by-products.…”