Metabolic evaluation in overweight and obese cats and association with blood pressure

Freitas, Vanessa Danielle de; Castilho, Alessandra Ramos; Conceição, Luciana Auxiliadora Viebrantz da; Sousa, Valéria Régia Franco; Mendonça, Adriane Jorge; Silva, Felipe Gomes da; Almeida, Arleana do Bom Parto Ferreira de

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20170217

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…Very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were calculated using the Friedewald equation (VLDL (mmol/L) = TAG (mmol/L)/2.2; LDL-C (mmol/L) = total CHOL (mmol/L) − HDL-C (mmol/L) − VLDL (mmol/L)). This equation has been established for use in humans and has previously been used in cats [ 46 , 47 , 48 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Lipid, Amino Acid and Acylcarnitine Profiles of Obese Cats Supplemented with Dietary Choline and Fed to Maintenance Energy Requirements

Verbrugghe

Rankovic

Armstrong

et al. 2021

Animals

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Obesity is a health concern for domestic cats. Obesity and severe energy restriction predispose cats to feline hepatic lipidosis. As choline is linked to lipid metabolism, we hypothesized that dietary choline supplementation would assist in reducing hepatic fat through increased lipoprotein transport and fatty acid oxidation. Twelve obese cats (body condition score [BCS] ≥ 8/9) were split into two groups. Cats were fed a control (n = 6; 4587 mg choline/kg dry matter [DM]) or a high choline diet (n = 6; 18,957 mg choline/kg DM) for 5 weeks, for adult maintenance. On days 0 and 35, fasted blood was collected, and the body composition was assessed. Serum lipoprotein and biochemistry profiles, plasma amino acids and plasma acylcarnitines were analyzed. The body weight, BCS and body composition were unaffected (p > 0.05). Choline increased the serum cholesterol, triacylglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and plasma methionine (p < 0.05) and decreased the serum blood urea nitrogen and alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.05). Choline also reduced the plasma acylcarnitine to free carnitine ratio (p = 0.006). Choline may assist in eliminating hepatic fat through increased fat mobilization and enhanced methionine recycling.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Lipid, Amino Acid and Acylcarnitine Profiles of Obese Cats Supplemented with Dietary Choline and Fed to Maintenance Energy Requirements

Verbrugghe

Rankovic

Armstrong

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…In contrast, in the OW group, seven (31.8%) remained normotensive and 15 (68.2%) had a SBP > 140 mmHg. Freitas et al (2018) verified the increase in blood pressure in obese and OW cats. It was suggested that OW cats might have increased blood pressure, so it is important to develop new studies to promote a peaceful environment during the measurement, and more than two measurements should be performed on different days to confirm the presence of hypertension (Acierno et al, 2018).…”

Section: Body Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…In a study by Mori et al (2012), significant hypercholesterolemia was found in 9/36 OW animals. However, the studies by Freitas et al (2018) and Aguiar et al (2018) did not find hyperlipidemia in 27 and 21 OW cats, respectively. In this study, an increase in total cholesterol levels in the OW group did not show any incidence of metabolic syndrome, which is characterized by alterations of at least two of the parameters, such as hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, increased ALT, and a decrease in adiponectin (Mori et al, 2012).…”

Section: Blood Evaluationsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…not well described in the literature. Some authors have reported high blood pressure in animals with excess weight; however, further studies are needed for concrete evidence (Chandler, 2016;Freitas et al, 2018). Moreover, the increase in SBP can be triggered by certain situations, such as stress to different environments or situations associated with other processes that increase blood pressure or it can occur in an idiopathic way (Acierno…”

Section: Analysis Of the Sbpmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feline obesity: risk factors and clinical and metabolic findings

Lima

Boff

Pereira

et al. 2021

Semina: Ciênc. Agrár.

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Excess body fat can cause a series of metabolic and mechanical effects on the body. Therefore, this study aimed to verify the clinical, metabolic, and risk factors of overweight (OW) cats. For the acceptance of participation in the research, the tutors were asked to answer a questionnaire containing 34 questions and to point out the body condition score (BCS) on a sheet containing nine images of different scores (1 to 9 on a 9-point scale). Thereafter, the body evaluations were performed as a classification of the BCS on a scale from 1 to 9, with an ideal score (IS) of BCS 5 and OW for BCS > 5. Further, the lean mass index and morphometric measurements (thoracic and abdominal circumferences and height and length of the patella to calcaneal tuberosity) were performed to estimate the percentage of body fat. Systolic blood pressure was measured using the non-invasive Doppler method and blood was collected for hemogram and serum biochemistry (creatinine, urea, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol). After these analyses, we sought to guide and raise the awareness of the tutors to promote the correct nutritional and environmental management of the animals. Thirty adult cats were divided into two groups, based on the classification of the BCS, with eight having an IS and 22 being OW. The OW group was found to have a low level of physical activity, hypercholesterolemia, and higher values of body characteristics. Additionally, there was a median agreement between the perceptions of the clinician and the tutors. Therefore, it was concluded that the main laboratory alteration found in the obese cats was hypercholesterolemia, which was a critical parameter. It was observed that a low degree of physical activity could cause excess weight gain. It was found that the guardians of the cats with ideal weight underestimated the BCS, which could contribute to the supply of excess food and consequently, obesity. Thus, this study was sought to guide and raise the awareness of tutors, to promote the correct nutritional and environmental management thereby providing welfare and quality of life to the animals.

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Feline obesity causes hematological and biochemical changes and oxidative stress – a pilot study

Martins¹,

Ramos²,

Possidônio³

et al. 2022

Vet Res Commun

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Metabolic evaluation in overweight and obese cats and association with blood pressure

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Serum Lipid, Amino Acid and Acylcarnitine Profiles of Obese Cats Supplemented with Dietary Choline and Fed to Maintenance Energy Requirements

Serum Lipid, Amino Acid and Acylcarnitine Profiles of Obese Cats Supplemented with Dietary Choline and Fed to Maintenance Energy Requirements

Feline obesity: risk factors and clinical and metabolic findings

Feline obesity causes hematological and biochemical changes and oxidative stress – a pilot study

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