Review on applications of electric vehicles in the countryside

Magalhães, Romilton Oliveira; Assunção, Mateus Vieira da; Santos, João Paulo Mendes; Silva, Emanuel Victor da; Júnior, Luiz de Gonzaga Ferreira; Magalhães, Ricardo Rodrigues; Ferreira, Danton Diego

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20161076

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…Exploring fieldwork methods with lighter tilling or no-till techniques could be highly beneficial for the autonomous electric vehicle systems described here, as heavy field operations have also been cited as a limiting factor in electrification of tractors due to their high power need . It is claimed that the high accuracy of autonomous or heavily driverassisted agricultural vehicles could provide sufficient field resolution to apply implements to specific plants (Gonzalez- de-Santos et al, 2017;, rather than specific rows as is done today. This could further reduce the power requirement of field implements and should be explored in future research.…”

Section: Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric autonomous tractors in Swedish agriculture : A systems analysis of economic, environmental and performance effects

Lagnelöv¹

2023

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae

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Use of battery-electric vehicles has become common in different sectors, as a measure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Driveline electrification in agricultural machinery could reduce emissions and increase driveline efficiency, but implementation has been hindered by the low energy-carrying capacity of batteries compared with conventional fuels. Combining battery-electric drivelines and autonomous operation would provide important synergies by mitigating or eliminating many of negative aspects of electrification, while retaining the benefits from both systems. This thesis evaluated the potential and analysed the intricate workings of a battery-based autonomous electric vehicle system by applying systems analysis, economic analysis and life cycle assessment, through simulations and modelling. The vehicle system was evaluated on a theoretical Swedish grain farm of 200 ha using a conventional cropping system. Soil compaction, battery ageing, queueing dynamics, field trafficability, energy storage and weather effects were all included in simulations. This allowed comparison of performance, cost and environmental impacts for a conventional fieldwork tractor and a system with several smaller autonomous battery-electric tractors. The evaluation showed that the autonomous electric tractors were able to match or exceed the daily work rate of the conventional tractor, while reducing energy use (by 47-75%), lowering annual costs (by 32-37%) and reducing soil compaction. The environmental impact was generally also lower, with up to a 74% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions over the system’s life cycle. These results indicate great potential for autonomous electric tractors in future agricultural fieldwork, as combining the electric driveline and autonomous technologies allowed the benefits from both to be used to greater effect than either by itself.

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Section: Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric autonomous tractors in Swedish agriculture : A systems analysis of economic, environmental and performance effects

Lagnelöv¹

2023

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae

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“…It can be seen that many countries have made some achievements in the development and application of electric tractor prototypes. Scholars around the world have made contributions to the theoretical research of electric tractors [9]. Matache et al [10] carried out plowing experiments on a small-power electric tractor at different depths and speeds and assessed its autonomy and efficiency with a single battery charge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination and Application of Maximum Efficiency Curve of Crawler Electric Tractor Motors

Liu

Xia

Jiang

et al. 2021

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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With the excessive use of fossil fuels such as oil, the energy crisis and environmental pollution have become important problems related to people’s livelihoods. In agriculture, as a new type of green agricultural machinery, the electric tractor has the advantages of high energy utilization and no exhaust emission. The motor is the core component of an electric tractor’s drive system. Its characteristics and control directly affect a tractor’s operating efficiency, operating quality, and energy consumption. A motor drive control scheme based on a characteristic curve at the maximum efficiency of an electric motor was adopted to address the problems of low motor power utilization and short continuous operation time on a full charge in electric tractors. By leveraging methods to obtain characteristic curves at the lowest fuel consumption for gasoline engines, we determined the characteristic curve at the maximum efficiency for a motor in a crawler-type electric tractor. Plowing is the most basic form of tractor operation, and it represents the agricultural work that accounts for most of a tractor’s use. A field test was conducted on the drive control in plowing operation based on the curve, and the energy consumed to plow each m2, continuous plowing operation time on a full charge, and operating efficiency were tested. The test results showed plowing power consumption per m2 of about 8.40 × 10−3 kWh and work efficiency of 707.07 m2/h. Compared with the traditional tractor, the cost of plowing 1 m2 by the crawler-type electric tractor was reduced by 20.3%–32.5%. Because the control improves operating efficiency, battery energy consumption is reduced and continuous operation time is extended; hence, the control achieves its purpose.

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“…With the rapid development of battery technology and motor technology, there is growing interest in the electrification of agricultural tractors [3]. Pure electric tractors (PETs) seem to be a promising solution in the context of more sustainable farming as they can use a wide range of power sources which can be obtained from a variety of renewable or clean energy sources [4]. However, at the current technical level, the biggest bottleneck in the development of PET is their limited operation time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Optimization of a Dual-Input Coupling Powertrain System: A Case Study for Electric Tractors

Xie

et al. 2020

Applied Sciences

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In this study, a dual-input coupling powertrain system (DICPS) was proposed to improve the energy utilization efficiency of pure electric tractors (PETs). The working principles of the DICPS under different modes were analyzed and dynamic models were established. To study the influence of changing key parameters in the DICPS on the economic performance of PETs, a parameter-matching design method was proposed and the feasible region of the design parameters was determined according to the tractor’s dynamic performance. In addition, we put forward an energy management strategy (EMS) based on the optimal system efficiency and a dual-motor-driven electric tractor (DMET) model was built in MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation results revealed that different parameter configurations of DICPS will lead to significant changes in overall efficiency, with a maximum difference of 6.6% (under a rotary tillage cycle). We found that the optimal parameter configuration for the DMET under two typical working conditions was PDR = 0.5, k = 1.6. Compared with the single-motor powertrain system (SMPS), the DICPS with the optimal configuration of key parameters can significantly improve overall efficiency by about 9.8% (under a plowing cycle).

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Review on applications of electric vehicles in the countryside

Cited by 10 publications

References 17 publications

Electric autonomous tractors in Swedish agriculture : A systems analysis of economic, environmental and performance effects

Electric autonomous tractors in Swedish agriculture : A systems analysis of economic, environmental and performance effects

Determination and Application of Maximum Efficiency Curve of Crawler Electric Tractor Motors

Design and Optimization of a Dual-Input Coupling Powertrain System: A Case Study for Electric Tractors

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