Origin and evolution of tomato production Lycopersicon esculentum in México

Abstract

Lycopersicon esculentum known as tomato, although has an Andean origin is a contribution of Mexico to the world is, being the first agricultural product to be exported. This research aimed to review the literature in relation to the origin and evolution of the production of tomato in Mexico within the historical development of the country. In ancient times, the tomato was cultivated in milpas (open field) and chinampas (artificial islands for riparian agriculture) using sustainable methods. Spanish colonizers showed the tomato to the rest of the world and diversified its uses. In independent Mexico, haciendas and railroads integrated the different farming regions. Production decreased during the Mexican revolution, and with land reform, the milpa returned. During the Green Revolution (1970), Sinaloa stood out, with the separation of two systems, subsistence, and modern with technology programs. Biotechnological development (1990) emerged parallel to organic production. So actually with this system, we could return to more sustainable pre-Hispanic ecological principles with less environmental impact.

Bioactivities of phytochemicals present in tomato

“…After colonization, the seeds of tomato were introduced to various parts of the world and in many places, monoculture was adopted (Peralta and Spooner 2007). After the independence of Mexico, by the development of transport system and some land reforms, the production of tomatoes increased (Saavedra et al 2017). Documentary evidence suggests that in Europe during 1544 tomatoes were first used but were considered toxic at that time.…”

“…Present day tomato has evolved largely with the increase in horticulture techniques. In the 1990s with the advancements in biotechnology and genetic modification techniques, the tomatoes having better color, taste, shelf life and nutrients were developed (Saavedra et al 2017). Various techniques were adopted to inculcate desirable changes in appearance, size, and quality of the tomato fruit.…”

“…Carotenoids like b-Carotene and Lutein also interact and compete with each other during absorption. Considering health benefits of tomato, various breeding strategies to increase the level of beneficial phytochemicals in tomato have been carried out throughout the world (Saavedra et al 2017). Improving the content of bioactive compounds would have commercial benefits in the production of drug supplements from tomato.…”

Using Digestate as Fertilizer for a Sustainable Tomato Cultivation

“…Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), native to the Andean region, was brought to Europe in the 15th century. The implementation of domestication, breeding, and research activities developed modern tomato varieties (mainly hybrids) with different kinds of shapes, colors, and sizes and a better taste, shelf life, and nutrients [1,2].…”

Calidad sensorial, capacidad antioxidante y compuestos funcionales en genotipos de jitomate (Solanum lycopersicum) con distinta coloración

“…Europa (Saavedra et al, 2017) (Figura 1). Como centro de diversificación y domesticación, México ofrece una amplia gama de genotipos que exhiben diferencias importantes en tamaños, colores y aromas.…”