Occurrence of eggs and oocysts of gastrointestinal parasites in passerine birds kept in captivity in Para State, Brazil

Abstract

The objective of this study was to detect helminth eggs and protozoan oocysts in samples of feces from birds of the order

Enteroparasites and risk factors for infection in native and exotic domiciled birds in the North Pioneer region of Paraná State, Brazil

“…The higher prevalence of Isospora spp. in wild, domiciled birds in this study aligns with the findings reported byMagalhães-Matos et al (2016) among captive birds in Pará.…”

“…Therefore, the low level of positivity among the birds raised in a collective environment may also be due to the fact that most of these birds were acquired legally, which would indicate greater responsibility on the part of the guardian, not only in terms of legal acquisition but also in terms of knowing how to handle these animals correctly. In collective enclosures, stress related to capture and inadequate hygiene are known to favor parasitic, fungal and bacterial infections (Joseph, 2003).…”

“…On the other hand, birds kept in captivity, the high population density results in greater exposure, putting the animal's survival at risk (Magalhães-Matos et al, 2016;Ombugadu et al, 2018). Gastrointestinal parasitosis can cause colic, malaise, weight loss, diarrhea, apathy (Sprenger et al, 2018), and even death (Melo et al, 2022).…”

“…Despite the limited studies related to parasitic infections in birds (Salem et al, 2022), infections by Isospora sp. (Magalhães-Matos et al, 2016;Globokar et al, 2017;Carrera-Játiva et al, 2018;Sprenger et al, 2018;Melo et al, 2022), Eimeria (Snak et al, 2014;Santos et al, 2015;Salem et al, 2022), Cryptosporidium (Holsback et al, 2013;Papini et al, 2021), Caryospora, Atoxopasma, Sarcocystis and Toxoplasma (Page and Haddad, 1995), among other protozoa and helminths, have already been described.…”