Osteoprogenitor cells can enhance early bone formation in critical bone defects in dogs

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of osteoprogenitor cells derived from mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue (OC-AD-MSCs), and differentiated into osteoblasts, in the treatment of critical bone defects in dogs. Adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) were subjected to osteogenic differentiation for 21 days and used in the treatment of bone defects in dogs radius. Either three experimental groups were bone defects treated with OC-AD-MSCs (OC), defects filled with autogenous bone (Control- C +), or empty defects (Control- C -). Bone regeneration was assessed by radiology, densitometry, and histomorphometry. The area of new bone formation was higher in the OC group compared to the control group (C-) on postoperative day 15. Defects treated with OC-AD-MSCs showed greater neovascularization than the other two groups at 90 days. We concluded that treatment with OC-AD-MSCs increased the area of new bone formation 15 days after surgery; however, it didn’t complete the bone union in critical bone defects in the radius of dogs at 90 days.

Adipose Tissue Stromal Fraction Effect in the Treatment of Osteochondral Defects in Rabbits

“…In addition, bone marrow MSCs are more in uenced by external factors such as disease [13] and drug use [14]. [10,11], observed better results with the technique of extracting MSCs in the gluteal subcutaneous region (adipose tissue) in dogs compared to extraction in the bone marrow of the tibial plateau.…”

“…The stromal fraction of adipose tissue has different cell types, such as MSCs, broblasts and endothelial cells. The cells of greatest therapeutic interest are MSCs, which have a great ability to differentiate into different cell lines [8, 9,10,11,12] justifying the choice of stromal fraction in the treatment of osteochondral defects.…”

“…They also have high self-renewal potential, which holds promise for the treatment of degenerative diseases [6,7,8,9]. Thus, the tissues most used as a source of MSCs are bone marrow and adipose tissue [10,11].…”