Canine distemper virus detection by different methods of One-Step RT-qPCR

Tozato, Claudia de Camargo; Zadra, Vívian Ferreira; Basso, Caroline R.; Araújo, João Pessoa

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20150932

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In other studies, the molecular positivity was 15% in Iran [ 34 ], 21% in India [ 35 ], 24.88% in China [ 36 ], 30.66% in Hungary [ 37 ], and 73.74% in Argentina [ 38 ]. Many studies have confirmed the high sensitivity and specificity of RT-PCR in the detection of canine distemper virus in different clinical samples, including serum, urine, and conjunctival swabs, as well as in confirming sub-acute and chronic stages of the disease in cases of poor viral shedding [ 35 , 39 - 40 ]. Determining the prevalence of infection among stray dogs using different diagnostic techniques was deemed necessary in the present study, given the absence of infection prevention and control schemes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The first study on confirmation and risk factors of acute and chronic canine distemper in stray dogs in Wasit Province, Iraq, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction

2022

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Background and Aim: In Iraq, stray dogs represent a critical population of free-roaming animals, which probably play a role in the transmission of different infections to other animals. Canine distemper is one of the most growing viral threats to carnivores in many countries worldwide, including Iraq. Therefore, this study was aimed to diagnose the disease using serological and molecular assay and the role of risk factors in the spreading infection. Materials and Methods: In all, 158 venous blood samples were collected randomly from stray dogs in rural and sub-urban areas of Iraq from May 2019 to December 2020. The samples were examined serologically using two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM), and molecularly by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect and confirm chronic and acute infections. To determine the association between infection and various risk factors, the study animals were divided according to their locations, sexes, and ages. The age groups were ≤8 months (puppy), 1-3 years (young), and ≥3 years (old/mature). Results: ELISA result shows that 6.96% and 19.62% of dogs were seropositive for acute and chronic distemper, respectively. The titer of chronic infections (0.421±0.027) was significantly higher (p≤0.025) than that of acute canine distemper (0.337±0.016). On RT-PCR, 8.86% of dogs were found positive for distemper. Using RT-PCR as the gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity of the IgM ELISA kit were 75% and 98.63%, respectively, whereas the positive and negative predictivity were 81.82% and 97.96%, respectively. A significant variation (p<0.05) was observed in the distribution of positive findings among the different epidemiological risk factors. Compared with rural areas, positivity was significantly higher (p<0.05) in sub-urban areas on IgM (26.92%) and IgG (64.15%) ELISA and RT-PCR (34.62%). On IgM ELISA and RT-PCR, no significant differences (p>0.05) were found among the three age groups; however, positivity was significantly higher (p≤0.048) in the ≥3 years group (22.73%) on IgG ELISA. Furthermore, only IgG ELISA showed a significantly higher (p≤0.032) positivity rate in female dogs (25.23%) than in male dogs (7.84%). Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first Iraqi study to demonstrate acute and chronic canine distemper in stray dogs, suggesting that the prolonged shedding of virus from positive dogs is a critical point in the epidemiology of the disease. Additional studies in dogs or other carnivores are required to establish baseline data on the prevalence of the disease in Iraq.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The first study on confirmation and risk factors of acute and chronic canine distemper in stray dogs in Wasit Province, Iraq, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction

2022

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“…Distemper is an infectious disease caused by viruses belonging to the genus Morbilivirus and the family Paramyxoviridae which is characterized by being simple, enveloped RNA (Tozato et al, 2016), composed of H and F glycoproteins (Carvalho et al, 2012;Rendon-Marin et al, 2019), fundamental for the entry and fusion of the virus to the host cells, causing various types of clinical conditions within the same disease (Greene e Valdevelde, 2015). Among the affected species, canids are the most vulnerable to distemper (Mendes et al, 2000;Degene e Zebene, 2019).…”

Section: Distempermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To establish the diagnosis of parvovirus and distemper, one must take into account all the symptoms presented by the animal (Tozato et al, 2016), the history and blood tests performed for the general analysis of the patient's condition, in addition to the differential diagnoses such as other enteric viruses (Pelisari et al, 2010). To obtain the definitive diagnosis, however, specific tests are required for the detection of the virus or antibodies, such as immunochromatographic tests, electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, isolation of the virus from infected tissues, PCR and ELISA, among others (PRITTIE, 2004).…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Parvovirus and Distemper - The Serious Gastroenteritis Viral / Parvovirose E Cinomose – As Graves Gastroenterites Virais

Sousa

Costa

Brendolan

2021

BJD

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Viruses, in their great majority, have the serious capacity to be easily transmitted through countless carriers. The great concern is due to the fact that they are able to promote critical conditions that threaten animal body homeostasis, inducing serious pathological conditions such as vomiting and diarrhea. Parvovirus is characterized by being a serious disease that affects a large part of the young animal population due to numerous reasons such as the nonexistence or lack of immunity right when they are born. Affected animals have very serious enteric conditions, which often lead the animal to death quickly. Canine distemper, caused by the canine distemper virus, causes enteric conditions and mainly neurological conditions, promoting diarrhea and nervous symptoms such as cases of paralysis and incoordination of the affected members. Diseases, if detected in time, enable effective therapeutic, control and prevention measures that can increase the life expectancy of the affected animals and, in some cases, cure patients.

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“…Sua disseminação ocorre por meio do contato direto com secreções que contenham o vírus (aerossóis, secreção oro nasal, urina e fezes). A doença apresenta-se geralmente em animais jovens não vacinados, ocorrendo de forma aguda e com manifestações clínicas inespecíficas, dificultando o diagnóstico precoce (Tozato et al, 2016). Jericó et al (2015) descrevem que há transmissão vertical, embora seja raro.…”

Section: Etiologiaunclassified

Cinomosis canina: aspectos relacionados al diagnóstico, tratamiento y vacunación

Freire¹,

Moraes

2019

Pubvet

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A cinomose é uma doença infecciosa altamente contagiosa com sinais e sintomas inespecíficos. Sua evolução depende de fatores imunes de cada indivíduo, podendo evoluir para o óbito. O diagnóstico geralmente é clínico devido aos sintomas apresentados e podem-se solicitar exames complementares, bem como hemograma, teste ELISA, RT-PCR e imunofluorescência indireta. O tratamento instituído é de suporte e variável de acordo com a clínica apresentada. A profilaxia e manejo devem ser orientados e inclui vacinação com protocolo determinado, ingestão de colostro, controle ambiental com higienização adequada e isolamento de animais infectados. Palavras chave: doenças de cães, doenças infecciosas, morbillivirus Canine distemper: aspects related to diagnosis, treatment and vaccinationAbstract. Distemper is a highly contagious infectious disease with nonspecific signs and symptoms. Its evolution depends on immune factors of each individual, and may evolve to death. The diagnosis is usually clinical because of the symptoms presented and complementary examinations can be requested, as well as blood count, ELISA, PCR and indirect immunofluorescence tests. The treatment instituted is supportive and variable according to the clinical presentation. Prophylaxis and management should be targeted and include vaccination with a protocol, colostrum ingestion, environmental control with adequate hygiene and isolation of infected animals.

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Canine distemper virus detection by different methods of One-Step RT-qPCR

Cited by 8 publications

References 25 publications

The first study on confirmation and risk factors of acute and chronic canine distemper in stray dogs in Wasit Province, Iraq, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction

The first study on confirmation and risk factors of acute and chronic canine distemper in stray dogs in Wasit Province, Iraq, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction

Parvovirus and Distemper - The Serious Gastroenteritis Viral / Parvovirose E Cinomose – As Graves Gastroenterites Virais

Cinomosis canina: aspectos relacionados al diagnóstico, tratamiento y vacunación

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