Structural Organization of Dental Biofilm Formed in situ in the Presence of Sucrose Associated to Maltodextrin

Abstract

Maltodextrins, derived from corn starch, have been added to industrialized food combined with sucrose. However it is not clear the diffusion properties of the dental biofilm matrix and the tridimensional structure of multispecies biofilms formed in the presence of these carbohydrates. Therefore, the aim of study was to investigate by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) the structural organization of the multispecies dental biofilm formed in situ under exposure to sucrose associated to maltodextrin. Adult volunteers wore an intraoral palatal appliance containing bovine enamel blocks. They were instructed to remove the appliance 8 times per day and drop the following solutions on the enamel blocks: deionized distilled water (DDW), maltodextrin, sucrose + maltodextrin or sucrose. Biofilms formed were stained and the percentage of extracellular polysaccharide (%EPS) and thickness were determined by CLSM. Biofilm formed in the presence of sucrose and sucrose + maltodextrin presented similar %EPS and higher than DDW and maltodextrin. Regarding to the biofilm thickness, sucrose and sucrose + maltodextrin treatments were thicker than DDW and maltodextrin and similar between them. The structural organization of the multispecies dental biofilm formed in situ in the presence of sucrose does not change when this carbohydrate is associated to maltodextrin.

Sucrose, Lactose, and Xylitol Exposures Affect Biofilm Formation of Streptococcus mutans

“…In this study, biofilm formation of S. mutans bacteria was obtained after exposure to 5% sucrose, 8% lactose and 1% xylitol. These results are supported by several other researchers to prove the occurrence of biofilm formation after exposure to sucrose [5,7,13,14].…”

“…In this study, biofilm formation of S. mutans bacteria was obtained after exposure to 5% sucrose, 8% lactose and 1% xylitol. These results were supported by several other researchers to prove the occurrence of biofilm formation after exposure to sucrose [8,9,11,13,14]. Furthermore, after exposure to 5% sucrose, biofilm formation was higher than that of 8% lactose and 1% xylitol, while the formation of S. mutans bacteria exposed to 8% lactose was not significant compared to 1% xylitol.…”

Oral Biofilm and Its Impact on Oral Health, Psychological and Social Interaction

“…Therefore, saliva plays an important role in controlling the growth of biofilm [21]. Numerous compounds are dissolved in saliva microorganisms to each other and to the tooth surface, which increases dental biofilm formation [37]. This matrix helps to protect bacteria within the biofilm from antibiotics, antiseptics and host immune system [21].…”

“…EPS production directly mediates microbial adherence to a surface and cell-to-cell adhesion, while forming a polymeric matrix that enhances mechanical stability of biofilms [19]. Additionally, EPS is able to enhance the diffusion pattern of acids throughout the biofilm matrix by increasing the porosity of the extracellular matrix [37]. The tar-like dental plaque that can be found on teeth surface are recalcitrant to sanitation or cleansing due to such kinds glue-like materials.…”

“…Oral biofilm formation on teeth surface is a spot point for the formation of dental caries. Dental caries is a biofilm-dependent disease associated with frequent intake of a diet rich in rapidly fermented carbohydrates that are converted to acidic end-products by biofilm microbiota [37]. Among the carbohydrates, sucrose is considered the most cariogenic, since it is a substrate for the synthesis of extracellular (EPS) and intracellular (IPS) polysaccharides [45].…”