Micro-CT Evaluation of Root and Canal Morphology of Mandibular First Premolars with Radicular Grooves

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate morphological features of 70 single-rooted mandibular first premolars with radicular grooves (RG) using micro-CT technology. Teeth were scanned and evaluated regarding the morphology of the roots and root canals as well as length, depth and percentage frequency location of the RG. Volume, surface area and Structure Model Index (SMI) of the canals were measured for the full root length. Two-dimensional parameters and frequency of canal orifices were evaluated at 1, 2, and 3 mm levels from the apical foramen. The number of accessory canals, the dentinal thickness, and cross-sectional appearance of the canal at different root levels were also recorded. Expression of deep grooves was observed in 21.42% of the sample. Mean lengths of root and RG were 13.43 mm and 8.5 mm, respectively, while depth of the RG ranged from 0.75 to 1.13 mm. Mean canal volume, surface area and SMI were 10.78 mm 3 , 58.51 mm 2 , and 2.84, respectively. Apical delta was present in 4.35% of the sample and accessory canals were observed mostly at the middle and apical thirds. Two-dimensional parameters indicated an oval-shaped cross-sectional appearance of the root canal with a high percentage frequency of canal divisions (87.15%). Canal configuration type V (58.57%) was the most prevalent. C-shaped configuration was observed in 13 premolars (18.57%), whereas dentinal thickness ranged from 1.0 to 1.31 mm. Radicular grooves in mandibular first premolars was associated with the occurrence of several anatomical complexities, including C-shaped canals and divisions of the main root canal.

Root canal preparation using micro-computed tomography analysis: a literature review

“…Subsequently, other studies added more than 30 morphological types to this classification 3,36,116,117,118,119,120,121 evidencing that a root with a conical canal and a single foramen was not commonplace. 1 To increase the accuracy of the methods previously proposed for the evaluation of dental anatomy, the micro-CT allowed the non-destructive threedimensional analysis of additional canals, multiple foraminas, apical deltas, isthmuses, C-shaped roots and canals, and accessory canals 3,33,82,122,123 (Figure 1).…”

“…In addition, it obtained three-dimensional quantitative data of volume, surface area, and the structure model index (SMI); and two-dimensional parameters of area, perimeter, major and minor diameter, roundness and form factor of the root canal. 3,32,33,108,122,123,124,125 Obtaining these quantitative micro-CT anatomy data may have contributed to in vitro studies producing more reliable results from a more selective sample, with the formation of homogeneous groups for the degree of curvature, diameter, and internal morphology, Table 2. The search strategy using during the literature review.…”

A new classification of cross-sectional root canal shape changes, a cone-beam computed tomography study

“…The root canal system is considering the most important factor in endodontic treatment, due to the complexity of its anatomy and morphology. This system varies among populations even in individuals in the same population, the variations in root canal morphology are still a major issue for endodontists [1,2]. The signi cant knowledge of root canal morphology and its variations is a basic requirement for successful endodontic treatment.…”

Avaliação da super e subestimação dos parâmetros morfométricos bidimensionais de canais radiculares de molares inferiores em imagens tomográficas utilizando a microtomografia como padrão de referência

“…Paralelamente, no campo da pesquisa in vitro, há duas décadas, a microtomografia computadorizada (microCT), através de programas de escaneamento, reconstrução e análise específicos, tem sido utilizada como padrão de referência para avaliação da morfologia interna e externa de diferentes grupos dentais (VERSIANI; SOUSA-NETO; PECORA, 2011; VERSIANI; PECORA; DE SOUSA- NETO, 2012;VERSIANI et al, 2013;FRUCHI et al, 2014;FUMES et al, 2014;LEONI et al, 2014;SOUZA-FLAMINI et al, 2014;VERSIANI et al, 2016;BOSCHETTI et al, 2017), do preparo biomecânico e da limpeza do sistema de canais radiculares (JARDINE et al, 2016;VERSIANI et al, 2016;BRASIL et al, 2017;LEONI et al, 2017;NEELAKANTAN et al, 2018;VERSIANI et al, 2018), bem como da obturação e protocolos de retratamento endodôntico (ZUOLO et al, 2016).…”