In Vitro Evaluation of the Efficacy of Different Over-the-Counter Products on Tooth Whitening

Abstract

This in vitro study evaluated the whitening effect of four different over-the-counter products compared with a 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) bleaching gel. Specimens obtained from bovine incisors were stained in a tea solution and randomly divided into six groups according to the product used (n=10): CT: conventional toothpaste (negative control); CWT: Crest 3D White toothpaste; CWR: Crest 3D White mouth rinse; CWS: Crest 3D White strips; DW: Dazzling White (paint-on gel); and OP: Opalescence PF 10% CP (at-home bleaching gel, positive control). Over-the-counter products and 10% CP were used according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Color measurements were performed according to the CIELab system using spectrophotometer after staining, and after 4 and 8 weeks of the treatment procedure. The ∆E, ∆L, ∆a, and ∆b values were calculated. The data obtained were analyzed by repeated-measures ANOVA. Tukey's test for multiple comparisons was applied (p<0.05). All groups, except CWT, were effective in tooth whitening in comparison with conventional toothpaste. There was no significant difference in tooth whitening between CWT and CT (p=0.93). CWS, DW and OP groups presented significantly higher color changes than the CWR group. DW and CWS showed similar tooth whitening to OP.

In situ Effect of Nanohydroxyapatite Paste in Enamel Teeth Bleaching

“…The increase in the values of the coordinate L* represents that the tooth tends to white. 46,47,49,50 Application of the nano-HAP paste did not interfere with bleaching effectiveness. Several studies suggest that saliva may influence the loss of mineral components caused by tooth whitening because salivary flow stimulation increases the presence of components, such as carbonic acid, hydrogen carbonate, hydrogen phosphate, and calcium fluoride, which are associated with increased buffering capacity and maintenance of the balance between demineralization and remineralization.…”

Tooth whitening: From the established treatments to novel approaches to prevent side effects

“…OTC systems can be acquired without the supervision of the dentist, and patients are using these systems in greater numbers . OTC products include whitening toothpastes, whitening strips and gels, whitening rinses, and tray‐based tooth whiteners (Table ) . These OTC systems are easy to use and completely safe; however, they have a low whitening potential in comparison with professionally prescribed products and in‐office treatments.…”

“…66 OTC products include whitening toothpastes, whitening strips and gels, whitening rinses, and tray-based tooth whiteners ( Table 2). 67 These OTC systems are easy to use and completely safe; however, they have a low whitening potential in comparison with professionally prescribed products and in-office treatments. This is due to the use of lower whitening agent concentrations, reduced exposure, and contact times.…”

“…66 They are generally recommended for 30 minutes twice daily for 14 days. 67 Whitening gels Peroxide-based gels applied with a small brush directly to the surface of the teeth containing 18% carbamide peroxide. 65 They are generally recommended twice a day for 2 weeks.…”

“…65 They are generally recommended twice a day for 2 weeks. 67 Whitening rinses They present peroxides in their formulation to react with the organic molecules, and they are recommended for twice a day for 60 seconds each. 141 Tray-based tooth whiteners They use a tray containing carbamide peroxide-bleaching gel for 2 to 4 hours a day or overnight, and the effect can be noticed in a few days.…”