Insoluble NaF in Duraphat® May Prolong Fluoride Reactivity of Varnish Retained on Dental Surfaces

Fernández, Constanza E.; Tenuta, Lívia Maria Andaló; Zárate, Paulo; Cury, Jaime Aparecido

doi:10.1590/0103-6440201302405

Cited by 27 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Furthermore, it is believed that there is a weak release of the fluoride content due to the hydrophobic resin content. 11 Although repetitive acetone washes and centrifugation of the varnishes were performed, it may not have been possible to achieve completely solubilized varnish; this would explain the differences in the fluoride concentration values between those obtained in our study and those appearing on the label. The reaction of the varnish with the enamel, in the short term, is dependent on its soluble fluoride concentration, and, in the long term, on dissolution of the insoluble fluoride present in the varnish matrix.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…The fluoride concentration in the whole (soluble and insoluble fluoride) and centrifuged (soluble fluoride) varnishes was determined using a standardized extraction method with acetone. 11 Previously, preliminary tests were performed to achieve a better method of solubilizing the varnishes to provide the fluoride concentration. The centrifugation procedure consisted of placing the varnish in an Eppendorf tube and centrifuging for 5 minutes, with a centrifugal acceleration of 11,000 g to collect the supernatant of the varnishes.…”

Section: Determination Of Fluoride Concentration In Varnishmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 However, the sodium fluoride (NaF) released by the varnish may constitute only a weak release, since hydrophobic colophony resin is solubilized only in ethanol. 11 Thus, it is recommended that the varnish be kept on the enamel for a longer period to enable greater formation of CaF 2 reservoirs on the enamel. 12,13 Although there is no consensus on the recommended varnish retention time on the enamel-which has been reported to range between 4 hours 12,14 and the next day 15,16,17,18 -manufacturers have modified the formulation to prolong the contact time of these agents on the dental enamel, and have developed patented components that promote greater contact, such as Enamelast varnish (Ultradent Products, South Jordan, USA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19,20 Some studies investigated whether these varnishes: 1) release enough fluoride in the surrounding storage media to allow the formation of CaF 2 reservoirs on the enamel substrate and/or, 2) present a remineralization effect on artificial enamel lesions. 11,21,22,23,24,25 Only Fernández et al 11 evaluated the fraction of fluoride soluble in varnish needed for immediate reaction with hard dental tissues to form CaF 2 -like products, and the insoluble fluoride particles present in the varnish matrix, which could prolong the reaction when dissolved by saliva.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Remineralizing effect of commercial fluoride varnishes on artificial enamel lesions

et al. 2019

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The aim of this study was to evaluate soluble and insoluble fluoride concentrations in commercial varnishes, and their remineralization effect on artificial caries enamel lesions using surface and cross-sectional microhardness evaluations. Forty bovine enamel blocks were separated into four groups (n=10): control (no treatment), Enamelast (Ultradent Products), Duraphat (Colgate-Palmolive) and Clinpro White Varnish (3M ESPE). Surface enamel microhardness evaluations were obtained, artificial enamel caries lesions were developed by dynamic pH-cycling, and the varnishes were then applied every 6 days, after which the enamel blocks were submitted to dynamic remineralization by pH cycles. After removal of the varnishes, the enamel surfaces were reassessed for microhardness. The blocks were sectioned longitudinally, and cross-sectional microhardness measurements were performed at different surface depths (up to 300 μm depth). Polarized light microscopy images (PLMI) were made to analyze subsurface caries lesions. The fluoride concentration in whole (soluble and insoluble fluoride) and centrifuged (soluble fluoride) varnishes was determined using an extraction method with acetone. The data were analyzed to evaluate the surface microhardness, making adjustments for generalized linear models. There was a significant decrease in enamel surface microhardness after performing all the treatments (p<0.0001). Enamelast and Duraphat showed significantly higher enamel microhardness values than the control and the Clinpro groups (p = 0.0002). Microhardness loss percentage was significantly lower for Enamelast (p = 0.071; One-way ANOVA). PLMI showed that subsurface caries lesions were not remineralized with the varnish treatments. No significant differences in the in-depth microhardness levels (p = 0.7536; ANOVA) were observed among the treatments. Enamelast presented higher soluble and insoluble fluoride concentrations than the other varnishes (p < 0.0001; Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests). Enamelast and Duraphat varnishes promoted enamel surface remineralization, but no varnish remineralized the subsurface lesion body. Although insoluble and soluble fluoride concentration values did not correspond to those declared by the manufacturer, Enamelast presented higher fluoride concentration than the others.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Determination Of Fluoride Concentration In Varnishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Remineralizing effect of commercial fluoride varnishes on artificial enamel lesions

et al. 2019

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“…After 4 days of experiment, the layer of acid-resistant nail varnish was removed using acetone with water (1:1) (13)(14)(15), allowing the comparison between the unexposed and exposed areas.…”

Section: Profilometric Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoride Varnishes against Dental Erosion Caused by Soft Drink Combined with Pediatric Liquid Medicine

et al. 2017

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The present study evaluated the effect of NaF and CPP-ACP/NaF varnishes to reduce erosion produced by soft drink (SD) combined or not with pediatric liquid medicine. Enamel specimens were pre-treated with fluoride varnish, according to the following groups: NaF varnish (Duraphat®) or CPP-ACP/NaF varnish (MI varnish TM ). Two types of erosive cycles were made: by soft drink erosion (SDE) or by pediatric liquid medicine plus soft drink erosion (PLM/SDE). Bovine enamel specimens were randomly assigned in six groups (n=10): G1=NaF + SDE; G2=CPP-ACP/NaF + SDE; G3=Distilled and deionized (DD) water + SDE; G4=NaF + PLM/SDE; G5=CPP-ACP/NaF + PLM/SDE and G6=DD water + PLM/SDE. Before treatments, the sample surface was divided in two areas (unexposed area-UA and exposed area-EA). The specimens were evaluated by 3D non-contact profilometry technique to determinate tooth structure loss (TSL) and surface roughness (Sa). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was also performed. After SDE, G2 presented the lowest TSL values compared to G3 (p=0.008). G1 and G2 did not differ between them (p=0.203) and no groups differed among them despite Sa. Regarding TSL and Sa, G4 and G5 differed from G6 (p=0.0001), but not between them (p=1.00). Examining 3D and SEM images, the greatest differences between UA and EA were observed for G3 and G6. CPP-ACP/ NaF varnish seems to be a promising treatment to reduce enamel loss from the erosion produced by a soft drink. Both varnishes also showed capacity to reduce TSL and Sa after erosion by soft drink combined to pediatric liquid medicine.

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Fluoride release and remineralizing potential of varnishes in early caries lesions in primary teeth

Soares‐Yoshikawa

Varanda

Iwamoto

et al. 2020

Microscopy Res & Technique

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This study evaluated the fluoride (F) release and remineralizing potential of varnishes containing sodium fluoride (5% NaF), 5% NaF with CPP‐ACP and 5% NaF with TCP in early caries lesions in primary teeth. To determine the F release at 1, 4, 6, 24, 72, and 168 hr, strips were covered with the varnishes and immersed in purified water (n = 7). The varnishes and purified water (negative control) were applied on enamel blocks with early caries lesions (n = 16). Enamel blocks were stored in artificial saliva and submitted to a pH‐cycling. The area of enamel hardness loss (ΔS) was analyzed by microhardness, lesion depth by polarized light microscopy (PLM) and the chemical analysis by Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. Data were submitted to Shapiro–Wilk, two‐way and one‐way ANOVA, Tukey and paired t‐tests (α = 5%). All varnishes released F, but 5% NaF with CPP‐ACP had the highest release at 4, 6, 24, and 72 hr (p < .05) followed by 5% NaF with TCP and 5% NaF. No significant difference in ΔS was observed among varnishes (5% NaF = 4,098.4 ± 1,407.9; 5% NaF with CPP‐ACP = 4,164.0 ± 1,019.3; 5% NaF with TCP = 4,183.2 ± 1,527.2; p = .999), but all of them differed from the negative control group (6,757.8 ± 2,274.7; p < .001). Lesion depth was lower in varnishes groups compared to negative control (% reduction: 5% NaF = 41.8%, 5% NaF with CPP‐ACP = 38.8%, and 5% NaF with TCP = 36.3%; p < .001). Similar Ca, P, and Ca/P ratio percentages among groups and F was not detected after the treatments. All fluoride varnishes showed potential to enhance remineralization of early caries lesions in primary teeth.

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Insoluble NaF in Duraphat® May Prolong Fluoride Reactivity of Varnish Retained on Dental Surfaces

Cited by 27 publications

References 20 publications

Remineralizing effect of commercial fluoride varnishes on artificial enamel lesions

Remineralizing effect of commercial fluoride varnishes on artificial enamel lesions

Fluoride Varnishes against Dental Erosion Caused by Soft Drink Combined with Pediatric Liquid Medicine

Fluoride release and remineralizing potential of varnishes in early caries lesions in primary teeth

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