Antibiofilm and Antibacterial Activities of Farnesol and Xylitol as Potential Endodontic Irrigants

Alves, Flávio R.F.; Neves, Mônica A.S.; Silva, Marlei G.; Rôças, Isabela N.; Siqueira, José F.

doi:10.1590/0103-6440201302187

Cited by 24 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Xylitol, Generally Recognized as Safe, expresses a significant antibiofilm effect in chronic wound infection and a relevant effect disrupting biofilm in the endodontic environment [15,26]. In addition, in cases of skin disorders, XYL displays several properties, including hydrating effects and microbial skin balance [27,28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prebiotic Combinations Effects on the Colonization of Staphylococcal Skin Strains

et al. 2020

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Background: An unbalanced skin microbiota due to an increase in pathogenic vs. commensal bacteria can be efficiently tackled by using prebiotics. The aim of this work was to identify novel prebiotic combinations by exerting species-specific action between S. aureus and S. epidermidis strains. Methods: First, the antimicrobial/antibiofilm effect of Xylitol-XYL and Galacto-OligoSaccharides–GOS combined with each other at different concentrations (1, 2.5, 5%) against S. aureus and S. epidermidis clinical strains was evaluated in time. Second, the most species-specific concentration was used to combine XYL with Fructo-OligoSaccharides–FOS, IsoMalto-Oligosaccharides–IMO, ArabinoGaLactan–LAG, inulin, dextran. Experiments were performed by OD600 detection, biomass quantification and LIVE/DEAD staining. Results: 1% XYL + 1% GOS showed the best species-specific action with an immediate antibacterial/antibiofilm action against S. aureus strains (up to 34.54% ± 5.35/64.68% ± 4.77) without a relevant effect on S. epidermidis. Among the other prebiotic formulations, 1% XYL plus 1% FOS (up to 49.17% ± 21.46/37.59% ± 6.34) or 1% IMO (up to 41.28% ± 4.88/36.70% ± 10.03) or 1% LAG (up to 38.21% ± 5.31/83.06% ± 5.11) showed antimicrobial/antibiofilm effects similar to 1% XYL+1% GOS. For all tested formulations, a prevalent bacteriostatic effect in the planktonic phase and a general reduction of S. aureus biofilm formation without loss of viability were recorded. Conclusion: The combinations of 1% XYL with 1% GOS or 1% FOS or 1% IMO or 1% LAG may help to control the balance of skin microbiota, representing good candidates for topic formulations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prebiotic Combinations Effects on the Colonization of Staphylococcal Skin Strains

et al. 2020

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“…The result of regression analysis demonstrated the significant interaction between time and concentration. Alves et al (23) investigated the antibiofilm and antibacterial effects of 2.5% NaOCl on E. faecalis biofilms, and most of the bacteria was eliminated in root canals. In another study using 5% NaOCl, Subbiya et al (24) found consistent results with former studies, namely 100% biofilm reduction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial Efficacy of Super-Oxidized Water on Enterococcus faecalis Biofilms in Root Canal

Zan

Alaçam

Hubbezoğlu

et al. 2016

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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Background: The success of endodontic treatment depends on a few crucial factors. One of these factors is the complete chemomechanic preparation of root canal against various bacteria. In particular, the effect of resistant bacteria may cause intense pain with flare-up and formation of periapical lesions. Therefore, the strong effect of irrigants plays an important role in terms of the complete elimination of these bacteria to achieve long-term successful treatment. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effects of super-oxidized water (SPO) in root canals infected with Enterococcus faecalis biofilms. Methods: One hundred twenty single-root, premolar teeth were selected. Initially, the teeth were prepared and then disinfected. E. faecalis were inoculated and kept at 37°C for 24 hours in the root canals. The re-inoculation procedure was repeated on the first, fourth, seventh, and tenth days. The infected root canals were divided into one negative (saline) and one positive (sodium hypochlorite) control group and four experimental groups (super-oxidized water: 1, 2, 3, or 5 minutes) (n = 20). Paper points were placed in the root canals to control and evaluate the biofilm formation. Biofilms were counted on blood agar plates, and data was evaluated and statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. Results: Although sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) showed no statistically significant difference when compared with three and five minutes of SPO irrigation (P > 0.05), NaOCl showed statistically significant differences among all other groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Super-oxidized water indicated a remarkable and similar bactericidal effect to that of traditional NaOCl against E. faecalis biofilms. In terms of successful endodontic treatment approaches, super-oxidized water may be used as an effective irrigation solution in clinics.

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“…Finally, specimens were dried with paper points. All teeth were sterilized in an autoclave (121°C for 15 min) before using in the experiments (Alves et al, 2013; Zan et al, 2013).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nematode-Associated Bacteria: Production of Antimicrobial Agent as a Presumptive Nominee for Curing Endodontic Infections Caused by Enterococcus faecalis

et al. 2019

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Xenorhabdus and/or Photorhabdus bacteria produce antibacterial metabolites to protect insect cadavers against food competitors allowing them to survive in nature with their nematode host. The effects of culture supernatant produced by Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus spp. were investigated against the multidrug-resistant dental root canal pathogen Enterococcus faecalis. The efficacy of seven different cell-free supernatants of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus species against E. faecalis was assessed with overlay bioassay and serial dilution techniques. Additionally, time-dependent inactivation of supernatant was evaluated. Among the seven different bacterial species, X. cabanillasii produced the strongest antibacterial effects. Loss of bioactivity in a phosphopantetheinyl transferase-deficient mutant of X. cabanillasii indicated that this activity is likely based on non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) or polyketide synthases (PKSs). Subsequent in silico analysis revealed multiple possible biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in the genome of X. cabanillasii including a BGC homologous to that of zeamine/fabclavine biosynthesis. Fabclavines are NRPS-derived hexapeptides, which are connected by PKS-derived malonate units to an unusual polyamine, also PKS-derived. Due to the known broad-spectrum bioactivity of the fabclavines, we generated a promoter exchange mutant in front of the fabclavine-like BGC. This leads to over-expression by induction or a knock-out by non-induction which resulted in a bioactive and non-bioactive mutant. Furthermore, MS and MS2 experiments confirmed that X. cabanillasii produces the same derivatives as X. budapestensis. The medicament potential of 10-fold concentrated supernatant of induced fcl promoter exchanged X. cabanillasii was also assessed in dental root canals. Calcium hydroxide paste, or chlorhexidine gel, or fabclavine-rich supernatant was applied to root canals. Fabclavine-rich supernatant exhibited the highest inactivation efficacy of ≥3 log10 steps CFU reduction, followed by calcium hydroxide paste (≤2 log10 step). The mean percentage of E. faecalis-free dental root canals after treatment was 63.6, 45.5, and 18.2% for fabclavine, calcium hydroxide, and chlorhexidine, respectively. Fabclavine in liquid form or preferably as a paste or gel formulation is a promising alternative intracanal medicament.

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Antibiofilm and Antibacterial Activities of Farnesol and Xylitol as Potential Endodontic Irrigants

Cited by 24 publications

References 25 publications

Prebiotic Combinations Effects on the Colonization of Staphylococcal Skin Strains

Prebiotic Combinations Effects on the Colonization of Staphylococcal Skin Strains

Antibacterial Efficacy of Super-Oxidized Water on Enterococcus faecalis Biofilms in Root Canal

Nematode-Associated Bacteria: Production of Antimicrobial Agent as a Presumptive Nominee for Curing Endodontic Infections Caused by Enterococcus faecalis

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