Effect of Fluoride-Treated Enamel on Indirect Cytotoxicity of a 16% Carbamide Peroxide Bleaching Gel to Pulp Cells

Soares, Diana Gabriela; Ribeiro, Ana Paula Dias; Lima, Adriano Fonseca; Sacono, Nancy Tomoko; Hebling, Josimeri; Costa, Carlos Alberto de Souza

doi:10.1590/0103-6440201302161

Cited by 26 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…It is known that a higher mitochondrial membrane potential correlates with higher ROS production, which can justify the increase in apoptosis and decrease in life cells found in this group. Although previous studies verified an increase in PI-positive cells, which they associated with cell necrosis [40], in the present study, only the HP group presented an increase in cell membrane potential, which supports our findings of the leading cause of cell death being apoptosis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Cytotoxic Effects of Zoom® Whitening Product in Human Fibroblasts

et al. 2020

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Tooth whitening procedures are increasing; however, side effects can occur, such as damage to pulp cells, by the whitening products. This study aims to assess the cellular effects promoted by a whitening product, namely, the oxidative stress fostered by the active agent hydrogen peroxide, with and without photoactivation. Additionally, if cellular recovery occurred, we intended to determine the time point where cells recover from the tooth whitening induced damage. Human fibroblasts were exposed to hydrogen peroxide, Zoom®, Zoom® + irradiation, and irradiation alone. The following analysis was performed: metabolic activity evaluation by the MTT assay; cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, peroxides production, superoxide radical production, and reduced glutathione expression by flow cytometry. We determined the IC50 value for all groups, and a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect was verified. At the times analyzed, hydrogen peroxide groups showed no metabolic activity recovery while a cell recovery was observed after 24 h (Zoom®) and 48 h (Zoom® + irradiation). Cell death was seen in hydrogen peroxide and Zoom® + irradiation groups, mainly by apoptosis, and the irradiation had a cytotoxic effect per se. This in vitro study supports that whitening products with moderate hydrogen peroxide (HP) concentration have a temporary effect on cells, allowing a cellular recovery.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Cytotoxic Effects of Zoom® Whitening Product in Human Fibroblasts

et al. 2020

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“…However, at the moment of bleaching procedure, increase of enamel porosity allows HP penetration on deep enamel and consequently into the pulp chamber (2,3). A recent study demonstrated that even when applied onto remineralized enamel by fluoride, the 16% CP gel was still toxic to the odontoblast-like cells, with no significant difference from the non-fluoride treated enamel (24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral Loss and Morphological Changes in Dental Enamel Induced by a 16% Carbamide Peroxide Bleaching Gel

et al. 2013

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The aim of this study was to compare the effect of a 16% carbamide peroxide (CP) gel and a 10% CP gel on mineralized enamel content and morphology. Enamel blocks from bovine incisors were subjected to a 14-day treatment (8 h/day) with 10% or 16% CP gels. Knoop microhardness was evaluated before bleaching and at 1, 7 or 14 days after this treatment (50 g/15 s). Mineral content (energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy), surface roughness and topography (atomic force microscopy) were evaluated at the 14-day period. Data were analyzed statistically by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). Significant microhardness reduction was observed at the 7 th and 14 th days for 10% CP gel, and for all bleaching times for 16% CP gel (p<0.05). At the 14-day period, a significant decrease in Ca and P content, increase on surface roughness (p<0.05) as well as on picks and valleys distance were observed when both bleaching gels were used. These enamel alterations were more intense for 16% CP gel. It was concluded that both CP-based gels promoted loss of mineral structure from enamel, resulting in a rough and porous surface. However, 16% CP gel caused the most intense adverse effects on enamel.

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“…The literature suggests that at-home bleaching therapies are safer than in-office due to the lower peroxide concentration (5,12). At-home and in-office bleaching therapies has been shown to have similar bleaching efficacy (13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, clinical trials have demonstrated that increasing the bleaching agent concentration did not improve significantly the whitening effect (18,19). Furthermore, it is important to point out that concerns related to the potential deleterious effect on the pulp tissue could be observed with higher concentration bleaching gels in vital tooth bleaching (12). Only 5% of the participants indicated OTC products as the first choice to treat discolored vital tooth bleaching.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preferences on Vital and Nonvital Tooth Bleaching: A Survey Among Dentists from a City of Southern Brazil

et al. 2013

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This study evaluated the preferences of general dentists regarding vital and nonvital tooth bleaching therapies and investigated whether the time of clinical practice and postgraduate training influence these options. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire with closed questions applied to dentists (n=276) of a mid-sized city of the southern Brazil (Pelotas, RS). Information was collected regarding sociodemographic variables, level of specialization and time since graduation. In addition, options regarding bleaching therapies including the first choice of material, technique and clinical practice for vital and nonvital tooth bleaching therapies were included. Data were submitted to descriptive analysis and the associations were evaluated using chi-square and Fisher exact tests (a=0.05). The response rate was 68% (n=187). At-home bleaching therapy was broadly preferred (78.1%) over in-office (21.9%) bleaching. For at-home bleaching, most dentists answered to use 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) (40.2%) and >30% hydrogen peroxide (HP) (31.7%) for nonvital therapies. The majority of dentists with post-graduation training preferred at-home bleaching techniques (p=0.003). At-home bleaching therapy was also more indicated by younger dentists. No association was found between the choice for nonvital bleaching therapies and time since graduation (p=0.532) or continuous education (p=0.083). In conclusion, at-home bleaching was preferred over in-office therapies; 10% CP and >30% HP were chosen as first option agents to treat discolored vital and nonvital teeth, respectively. The time in clinical practice and the level of specialization affected dentists' choices only for vital tooth bleaching treatment.

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Effect of Fluoride-Treated Enamel on Indirect Cytotoxicity of a 16% Carbamide Peroxide Bleaching Gel to Pulp Cells

Cited by 26 publications

References 23 publications

Cytotoxic Effects of Zoom® Whitening Product in Human Fibroblasts

Cytotoxic Effects of Zoom® Whitening Product in Human Fibroblasts

Mineral Loss and Morphological Changes in Dental Enamel Induced by a 16% Carbamide Peroxide Bleaching Gel

Preferences on Vital and Nonvital Tooth Bleaching: A Survey Among Dentists from a City of Southern Brazil

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