Effect of Different Irrigating Solutions and Photo-Activated Therapy for In Vivo Root Canal Treatment

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate histologically the effect of irrigation with 400 ppm Sterilox, 2% and 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), with and without photo-activated therapy (PAD), in a single-visit root canal treatment of dog's teeth with apical periodontitis (AP). Ten dogs were randomly divided into two groups (n=5): with and without PAD, and the root canals into four subgroups, according to the irrigating solution: SX (400 ppm Sterilox), SH2 (2% NaOCl), SH5 (5% NaOCl) and SS (saline solution) as positive control. A total of 134 root canals were opened and left exposed to the oral environment for 14 days and then sealed for 60 days for AP induction. Then, root canals were treated according to each proposed disinfecting protocol and filled in the same session. After 120 days, the dogs were euthanized and the periapical inflammatory events were evaluated under light microscopy. Qualitative data were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (α=0.05). PAD did not produce significant differences in the scores for apical inflammation when used after chemo-mechanical preparation (p>0.05). The irrigating solutions SX, SH2 and SH5 without PAD were statistically different from SS (p<0.05) that presented the greatest scores for apical inflammation. PAD did not show any additional effect for the treatment of root canals with pulp necrosis and AP in a single visit and 400 ppm Sterilox may be considered an alternative to NaOCl in root canal treatment.

Electrolysed oxidising water as a multi‐purpose biocide in dental healthcare—A scoping review

“…Others examined dentine microhardness (human 134,136,137,143 ; bovine 144 ), dentine surface roughness (human 137 ), dentine structure (bovine 145 ), pulp/apical papilla cytotoxicity (human 67,146 ) and pulp dissolution capability (bovine 86,147,148 ). The inflammatory response of periapical tissues to various endodontic disinfection regimens, including EOW, was investigated in vivo in dogs 149 . Exposure of human 9,50,64,79,80,84,111,119,141,146 and animal 84,133,146 cell lines, assessed the potential for soft tissue damage by EOW.…”

Case Report: Single visit photo-activated disinfection in regenerative endodontics

“…The photosensitizer stains the bacterial cells in soft and hard tissues and the photo-activated cells release molecular oxygen causing disruption of the bacterial cell wall. Photosensitizer and oxygen released during bacterial cell death are not reported to produce any toxicity to normal cells 9 . Moreover, PAD is a newer antimicrobial strategy that involves the combination of a non-toxic PS or dyes and a non-harmful visible light source to disinfect the root canal.…”

“…Moreover, PAD acts in a selective way. Both photosensitizer and oxygen released during bacterial cell death do not exhibit toxicity to the viable tissues 9 .…”

A critical analysis of research methods and experimental models to study irrigants and irrigation systems

“…Animal studies can reproduce more closely the in vivo conditions in humans than in vitro and ex vivo studies (Haapasalo, 2016). Many of the methods described already can be also applied in animal studies but would be unethical to apply in clinical studies (Garcia de Paula‐Silva et al, 2009; Holland, 1992; López et al, 2015; Silva et al, 2004; Sperandio et al, 2008; Tanomaru Filho et al, 2002). However, ethical guidelines for animal studies are also strict and the studies can be very costly.…”