Experimental Furcal Perforation Treated with MTA: Analysis of the Cytokine Expression

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)-induced cytokine expression in mice after experimental furcal perforation. BALB/c mice (n=5) were subjected to induced furcal drilling of the maxillary first molar followed by MTA sealing in the left side (experimental group) and paraffin sealing in the right side (control group). Animals were euthanized at 7, 14 and 21 days after sealing the perforations. The expression levels of the IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-4, TGF-β and RANKL genes were investigated by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the teeth and surrounding tissues. In the experimental groups, after the 7th day, there was a down-regulation of the mRNA levels of TNF-α and IL-4 compared to the 14th day (p<0.05). In these groups, the mRNA levels of RANKL, IFN-γ and TNF-α were statistically higher after 14 days compared to 21 days post-MTA sealing (p<0.05). The level of IL-10 mRNA was increased at the 21st day (p<0.05). The mRNA expression of TGF-β did not exhibit any statistically relevant results. There was a statistical down-regulation of IL-4 gene expressions when control and experimental groups were compared at days 7 and 21. In conclusion, MTA sealing favored the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the intermediate phase of the immuno-inflammatory response (14th day). The reduction of these cytokines in later phase of the response was probably due to immunoregulation by IL-10.

Animal models used in furcation perforation studies: A systematic review and comprehensive synthesis of model characteristics

“…Thus, 25 articles (Table ) were included in the study (Fig. ), 4 conducted in rodent models , 3 in non‐human primates and 18 in dogs .…”

“…Histology was used for evaluation in all studies except two . Six authors also used imaging techniques, most often radiography.…”

“…Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), currently regarded as the ‘gold standard’ in FP repair, was used as a comparison in all the studies included in this review published in the last 15 years except in one .…”

“…The remaining two studied tissue response to endodontic materials used to repair FP in rodent teeth, either by histological and histomorphometric evaluation in Holtzman rat molars ( Rattus norvegicus albinus ) or by real‐time polymerase chain reaction for determination of cytokine expression levels in Balb/c mice .…”

Anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of Biodentine on human periapical lesion cells in culture

“…MTA sealing of experimental furcal perforations in mice was characterized by the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines after 14th day, followed by subsequent reduction of these cytokines in later phase (21 day), most probably due to up‐regulation of IL‐10 (Lara et al . 2015). In vitro experiments on a sarcoma cell line showed that all three cements used as root‐end filling materials (Ca hydroxide, super EBA and MTA) induced the expression of inflammatory cytokines (Huang et al .…”