Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease - Assessment of Patients With Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome - Guideline From the Brazilian Society of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery

Abstract

Introduction: Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease in the world and has recently been renamed to emphasize its metabolic component. This article seeks to fill the gap in specific guidelines for patients with obesity and MASLD who will undergo bariatric surgery. Methods: A systematic search for guidelines was carried out on the PubMed and Embase platforms. Results: Were found 544 articles, of which 11 were selected according to inclusion/exclusion criteria. All 11 guidelines are from clinical societies and therefore do not include some necessary interpretations for bariatric patients. Conclusions: We recommend that every patient undergoing bariatric and metabolic surgery be screened initially with the Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score, followed by transient hepatic elastography (Vibration-controlled Transient Elastography - VCTE), especially for those with FIB4 > 1.3. However, the interpretation of VCTE results in obese patients requires further studies to define the real cutoff values. Enhanced Liver Fibrosis® (ELF®) shows promise, but its availability is limited. The indication for liver biopsy during surgery needs to be individualized but is recommended for those with changes in FIB4 and/or VCTE. Family screening is recommended for relatives of young patients with advanced fibrosis. Liver transplantation is an option for patients with advanced MASLD, but the optimal timing for bariatric surgery in relation to transplantation is still unclear. Regular follow-up and VCTE examination are recommended to monitor disease progression after surgery.