Neuroendocrine tumor of the small intestine: case report

Kamei, Douglas Jun; Shiguihara, Rafael Shinmi; Araújo, Fernando Silva

doi:10.1590/0102-672020190001e1492

Cited by 6 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The small intestine is not the most frequent area of NETs but is the most common primary site giving origin to distant metastases (Ahmed, 2020;Deguelte et al, 2020). The majority of tumors are non-functioning and usual manifestations are abdominal pain, partial intestinal obstruction, and hemorrhage (Ahmed, 2020;Deguelte et al, 2020;Folkestad et al, 2020;Kamei et al, 2020). In accordance with the WHO, the well-differentiated NETs are classified by Ki-67 index (%) and mitotic index/10 HPF, as grade 1 (< 3% and < 2); grade 2 (3-20% and 2-20); and grade 3 (> 20% and > 20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SINETs have a higher incidence than the small bowel adenocarcinomas, being the most frequent primary small bowel malignancy, representing 25% of the GI-NETs (Ahmed, 2020). The annual incidence of jejunoileal NETs is from 1 to 2 per 100000 persons-years, and over 60% are in the terminal ileum and up to 60 cm of the ileocecal valve (Ahmed, 2020;Deguelte et al, 2020;Folkestad et al, 2020;Kamei et al, 2020). The mean age at diagnosis is in the 6th and 7th decades, without gender difference (Ahmed, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mean age at diagnosis is in the 6th and 7th decades, without gender difference (Ahmed, 2020). SI-NETs more often develop as slow-growing and multifocal ileal lesions (89%); significant is the tendency to invasion of muscularis propria at diagnosis (70%), implants to regional lymph nodes, and hepatic metastasis (50%), whatever the tumor size (Ahmed, 2020;Deguelte et al, 2020;Folkestad et al, 2020;Kamei et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even with a slow growth, they usually have metastases at the time of diagnosis (Deguelte et al, 2020;Folkestad et al, 2020, Levy et al, 2020. There is a genetic influence in their etiology associated with deleting of the tumor suppressor gene PLCβ3 that causes uncontrolled growth of the neuroendocrine cells (Kamei et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ileal neuroendocrine tumor: diagnosis by endoscopic capsule

Santos

Gonçalves

Grigolli

et al. 2021

ARS med

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The diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors of the small intestine is usually challenging. They are infrequent, and the clinical course is insidious with nonspecific manifestations. Routine endoscopic and abdominal imaging studies are more often unremarkable. Therefore, distant metastases are frequently detected at the time of diagnosis. The tumor markers chromogranin A, synaptophysin, and neuron-specific enolase, and capsule endoscopy, and device-assisted enteroscopy are useful resources to establish a diagnosis. The aim was to present a case of neuroendocrine tumor of small intestine diagnosed with base in findings of the capsule endoscopy and further open surgery.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Ileal neuroendocrine tumor: diagnosis by endoscopic capsule

Santos

Gonçalves

Grigolli

et al. 2021

ARS med

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show abstract

“…The non-functioning neuroendocrine tumor (NET) is the most frequent of all neuroendocrine tumors of the digestive system (73.7%) and occurs in the stomach/duodenum in 25%, in the rectum in 14%, appendix in 12% and pancreas in lower frequency 19 , 24 , 34 , 35 . They are being more diagnosed and American epidemiological surveillance data have shown that in the past 35 years their number in the small intestine has increased by about 300-500% 17 , 27 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Conventional Echoendoscopy (Eus) in Therapeutic Decisions in Patients With Neuroendocrine Gastrointestinal Tumors

Costa

Kemp

Santos

et al. 2020

ABCD, arq. bras. cir. dig.

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Background: Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors are rare, usually presented as subepithelial or polypoid tumors. Accurate diagnosis and indication of the type of resection are still challenging. Aim: To determine the effectiveness of echoendoscopy in determining the depth of the lesions (T) identified by endoscopy in order to evaluate surgical and/or endoscopic indication, and to evaluate the results of endoscopic removal in the medium term. Methods: Twenty-seven patients were included, all of whom underwent echoendoscopy for TN tumor staging and the evaluation of possible endoscopic resection. The parameters were: lesion size, origin layer, depth of involvement and identified perilesional adenopathies. The inclusion criteria for endoscopic resection were: 1) high surgical risk; 2) those with NET <2 cm; 3) absence of impairment of the muscle itself; and 4) absence of perilesional adenopathies in echoendoscopy and in others without distant metastases. Exclusion criteria were TNE> 2 cm; those with infiltration of the muscle itself; with perilesional adenopathies and distant metastases. The techniques used were: resection with polypectomy loop; mucosectomy with saline injection; and mucosectomy after ligation with an elastic band. The anatomopathological study of the specimens included evaluation of the margins and immunohistochemistry (chromogranin, synaptophysin and Ki 67) to characterize the tumor. Follow-up was done at 1, 6 and 12 months. Results: Resections with polypectomy loop were performed in 15 patients; mucosectomy in five; mucosectomy and ligation with elastic band in three and the remaining four were referred for surgery. The anatomopathological specimens and immunohistochemical analyzes showed positive chromogranin and synaptophysin, while Ki 67 was less than 5% among all cases. The medium-term follow-up revealed three recurrences. The average size of tumors in the stomach was 7.6 mm and in the duodenum 7.2 mm. Well-demarcated, hypoechoic, homogeneous lesions occurred in 75%; mucous layer in 80%; and the deep and submucosal mucosa in 70%. Conclusions: Echoendoscopy proved to be a good method for the study of subepithelial lesions, being able to identify the layer affected by the neoplasm, degree of invasion, echogenicity, heterogeneity, size of the lesion and perilesional lymph node involvement and better indicate the treatment option.

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The roles of tissue resident macrophages in health and cancer

Cao,

Wang,

Lan

et al. 2024

Exp Hematol Oncol

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As integral components of the immune microenvironment, tissue resident macrophages (TRMs) represent a self-renewing and long-lived cell population that plays crucial roles in maintaining homeostasis, promoting tissue remodeling after damage, defending against inflammation and even orchestrating cancer progression. However, the exact functions and roles of TRMs in cancer are not yet well understood. TRMs exhibit either pro-tumorigenic or anti-tumorigenic effects by engaging in phagocytosis and secreting diverse cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors to modulate the adaptive immune system. The life-span, turnover kinetics and monocyte replenishment of TRMs vary among different organs, adding to the complexity and controversial findings in TRMs studies. Considering the complexity of tissue associated macrophage origin, macrophages targeting strategy of each ontogeny should be carefully evaluated. Consequently, acquiring a comprehensive understanding of TRMs' origin, function, homeostasis, characteristics, and their roles in cancer for each specific organ holds significant research value. In this review, we aim to provide an outline of homeostasis and characteristics of resident macrophages in the lung, liver, brain, skin and intestinal, as well as their roles in modulating primary and metastatic cancer, which may inform and serve the future design of targeted therapies.

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Neuroendocrine tumor of the small intestine: case report

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

Ileal neuroendocrine tumor: diagnosis by endoscopic capsule

Ileal neuroendocrine tumor: diagnosis by endoscopic capsule

The Role of Conventional Echoendoscopy (Eus) in Therapeutic Decisions in Patients With Neuroendocrine Gastrointestinal Tumors

The roles of tissue resident macrophages in health and cancer

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