Characterization and biological properties of sulfated polysaccharides of Corallina officinalis and Pterocladia capillacea

Abstract

Red seaweed possess various sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) that could potentially be exploited as bioactive agents for medical and industrial applications. Crude polysaccharides from the red algae Corallina officinalis (SP1) and Pterocladia capillacea (SP2) were extracted and characterized according to their chemical content and their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, antibacterial, antifungal, and antifouling activities. The isolated polysaccharides contained low levels of protein and high levels of carbohydrate and sulfate. The extracted SPs were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral data and revealed that SP1 is composed of carrageenan, while SP2 is composed of polysaccharides containing sulfated galactans plus κand ι-carrageenan. Both isolated SPs exhibited all the tested biological activities but those of SP2 were superior. These results reflect the beneficial effects that red algal polysaccharides have as a natural renewable bio-product and that there is a significant relationship between polysaccharide structure, sulfate content and their biological properties. Further studies should be undertaken on the fractionation and characterization of polysaccharides extracted from species of red seaweed in addition to experiments to verify the efficiency of the extracted SPs for food and medical uses in vivo.

Physico-chemodiversity variation between the most common calcareous red seaweed, Eastern Harbor, Alexandria, Egypt

“…The intense and strong peaks 1401, 1395 and 1409 cm −1 in C. officinalis, A. rigida and J. rubens , respectively may be related to S=O stretching vibration (sulfonamide) in lignin or the C–H stretch vibration of alkanes (methyl) ( Kannan, 2014 ; Raubbin et al.,2020 ). The appearance of moderate peaks at 1033 and 1036 cm −1 in C. officinalis, A. rigida, respectively as well as J. rubens possess strong and sharp band at 1039 cm −1 may be attributed to S=O stretching vibration of sulfonides in starch or polysaccharides compounds ( Deepika, 2019 ; Ismail and Amer, 2020 ). The manifest of the intense and sharp signal at 871 cm −1 in all species may be due to out of plane deformation C–H bending mode of glucose & galactose ( Kannan, 2014 ; Deepika, 2019 ).…”

Antioxidant and Antifungal Activity of Some Moroccan Seaweeds Against Three Postharvest Fungal Pathogens

“…Furthermore, carrageenans extracted from the red macroalga Chondracanthus teedei var. lusitanicus have been proven to induce alterations on the Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus infectoria cell walls, exhibiting a high level of antifungal activity 57 .…”

Chemodiversity of Galactans from Different Red Seaweed Species with Emphasis on their Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities in vitro

“…Rhodophyta are the largest group of eukaryotic algae containing about 5000-6000 species. Sulfated galactans are the main polysaccharides in the red macroalgae cell wall matrix and intercellular space [5] and represent 50%-60% of their total dry weight; thus they are mainly composed of galactans consisting entirely of galactose or modified galactose units [6] besides cellulose and hemicellulose-like polysaccharides [7]. Red seaweed, especially those in the orders "Gelidiales and Gigartinales" are a major source of marine sulfated galactans, with at least 70-80 of these species being industrially exploited for galactan production [8].…”