Hydrogen sulfide: a new endogenous player in an old mechanism of plant tolerance to high salinity

Abstract

High salinity aff ects plants due to stimulation of osmotic stress. Cell signaling triggered by nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfi de (H 2 S) activates a cascade of biochemical events that culminate in plant tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses. For instance, the NO/H 2 S-stimulated biochemical events that occur in plants during response to high salinity include the control of reactive oxygen species, activation of antioxidant system, accumulation of osmoprotectants in cytosol, induction of K + uptake and Na + cell extrusion or its vacuolar compartmentation among others. Th is review is a compilation of what we have learned in the last 10 years about NO participation during cell signaling in response to high salinity as well as the role of H 2 S, a new player in the mechanism of plant tolerance to salt stress. Th e main sources of NO and H 2 S in plant cells is also discussed together with the evidence of interplay between both signaling molecules during response to stress.

Regulation of physiological aspects in plants by hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide under challenging environment

“…Salt stress occurring during early grain development causes yield loss in crops like rice (Paul and Roychoudhury ). Earlier reports have shown that H 2 S and NO enhance osmotic stress tolerance and promote seedling growth under salt stress in several plant species (Uchida et al , Wang et al , , Christou et al , Chen et al , Da‐Silva and Modolo , Adamu et al , Da‐Silva et al ). The application of the H 2 S donor, NaHS increased the seed germination rate and improved seedling growth of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa ) by alleviating oxidative damage through increased expression of genes encoding antioxidative enzymes (Wang et al ).…”

“…Oxidative damage caused by NaCl‐mediated stress could also be overcome in tomato plants, by treating with H 2 S and NO and in a stress‐responsive signaling cascade where H 2 S acts downstream of NO. This induction of the antioxidative enzyme pathway allowed resistance to salt stress (Da‐Silva and Modolo , Da‐Silva et al ). Fan et al () reported that exogenous application of NO enhanced NaCl stress tolerance by increasing the activity of SOD, peroxidase, CAT and APX, and the contents of photosynthetic pigments and proline in cucumber seedlings.…”

Revealing on hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide signals co‐ordination for plant growth under stress conditions

“…Thus, now researchers have started studying these secondary messengers and their role in cell signaling. H 2 S which was previously considered to be phytotoxic, has now been considered as an important member of cell signaling related to abiotic and biotic stresses that is induced in plants (Da‐Silva and Modolo ). H 2 S and NO are two pivotal gaseous messengers involved in growth, germination and improve tolerance in plants under stressed and non‐stressed conditions.…”

“…Nitric oxide (NO), a ubiquitous gaseous molecule acts as a secondary messenger in plants, which is having both pro‐oxidant and antioxidant properties (Li et al , Da‐Silva and Modolo ). Throughout the plants life cycle, NO regulates various physiological and pathological responses and thus is considered a ‘jack of all trades’ (Shi et al ).…”

Hydrogen sulfide and plant adaptation to abiotic stressors

“…Обнаружена активация СОД, каталазы, аскорбатпероксидазы и гваяколпероксидазы донором сероводорода у растений пшеницы при солевом Окончание т аблицы [ Table (end)] Сероводород и адаптация растений к действию абиотических стрессоров стрессе [27,82]. Обработка растений арабидопсиса NaHS вызывала повышение их выживания при продолжительном солевом стрессе и увеличение активности СОД, глутатиоредуктазы и неспецифической пероксидазы [13].…”