Relationship between gall-midge parasitism, plant vigor, and developmental instability in Ouratea polygyna Engl (Ochnaceae) in a patch of a Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Silva, Maíra Honorato de Moura; Almeida‐Cortez, Jarcilene Silva de; Alves-Silva, Estevão; Santos, Jean Carlos

doi:10.1590/0102-33062014abb3727

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…For instance, B. brevipes with high parasitism by galls have increased fluctuating asymmetry (Santos et al 2013). Other types of leaf asymmetry (e.g., directional asymmetry and antisymmetry) in relation to plant stress have rarely been examined, both because they do not seem to be common in nature and because researchers are still unsure whether they depict developmental instability (Graham et al 1993;Silva et al 2015;Telhado et al 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, there is some evidence that other types of asymmetry, such antisymmetry (bimodal distribution of leaf sides, i.e., the population can have both increased left and right sides) and directional asymmetry (one leaf side is invariably greater than the other) also depict developmental instability (Graham et al 1998). However, so far only a few studies have examined this issue (Lens & Dongen 2000;Silva et al 2015). Therefore, any new relationship between the other types of asymmetry and a given stressing factor might promote advances for the studies of DI (McKenzie & O'Farrell 1993;Telhado et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leaf phenotypic variation and developmental instability in relation to different light regimes

2016

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For pioneer plants, shaded habitats represent a stressful condition, where sunlight exposure is below the optimum level and so leaves expand in order to intercept a greater amount of light. We investigated changes in both phenotypic variation and stress of Bauhinia brevipes in sunny and shaded microhabitats. Leaf area was used as a measure of phenotypic variation, whereas leaf asymmetry (diff erence between right and left sides of leaves), was used as a measure of stress. We hypothesized an increase in leaf area and stress in shaded locations, which might indicate that B. brevipes was compensating for low light absorption, and elevated levels of stress, respectively. Plants in the sun fi tted a fl uctuating asymmetry pattern (normal distribution of right minus left sides), while shaded plants were clearly antisymmetric (bimodal distribution of leaf side diff erences). Leaf asymmetry and area were 5% and 26.8% higher in plants in the shade compared to plants in the sun, respectively. Th ese results were expected since B. brevipes is found predominantly in open areas; so sunlight exposure is important for its development. Th e presence of antisymmetry is rare in studies of developmental instability, and here it might indicate higher stress compared to plants with fl uctuating asymmetry.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf phenotypic variation and developmental instability in relation to different light regimes

2016

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“…Dessa forma, todos os ramos e as folhas galhadas tiveram o comprimento como medida de parâmetro de vigor para o ataque de E. dispar (Santos et al, 2008;Santos & Fernandes, 2010;Silva et al, 2015). Nós medimos o comprimento dos ramos (medidos em cm) com o auxílio de uma fita métrica disposta da base até o ápice de cada ramo, enquanto nas folhas galhadas, nós utilizamos um paquímetro digital e determinamos o comprimento pela distância da base até o ápice do limbo foliar (medidos em mm).…”

Section: Figura 1 Folhas De Eugenia Uniflora Com As Indicações Das Runclassified

“…Uma meta-análise realizada por Cornelissen, Fernandes & Vasconcellos-Neto (2008), corroborou que a HVP para várias guildas de herbívoros com imaturos sésseis, incluindo galhadores, grupo esse em que o sucesso de desenvolvimento depende dos recursos do órgão da planta hospedeira onde a galha foi induzida (Raman, 2003). No entanto, estudos recentes ainda possuem divergências quanto aos resultados da HVP para galhadores, onde alguns desses refutaram ou encontraram maior quantidade de galhas em estruturas vegetativas com baixo vigor (Santos et al, 2011;Jesus et al, 2012;Silva et al, 2015), enquanto outros a corroboraram (Tuller et al, 2012;Malinga et al, 2014;Oliveira & Almeida-Cortez, 2015). Esses resultados mostram que essa hipótese possui controvérsias na literatura e que são necessários mais trabalhos que avaliem a relação entre vigor e preferência de ataque de galhadores.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Preferência de oviposição de Eugeniamyia dispar (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) em folhas e ramos de sua planta hospedeira Eugenia uniflora (Myrtaceae)

Bianchi

Venâncio

Santos

2018

J. Env. Anal. Progr.

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A B S T R A C THost plant sites with high quality resources are more targeted by gallers. The study aimed to verify if Eugeniamyia dispar (Diptera) prefers to attack shoots and leaves of Eugenia uniflora (Myrtaceae) with higher vigor, as well to determine which vertical and horizontal microhabitats on leaves are more abundant of galls. It was measured lengths of shoots and leaves from adult individuals of E. uniflora. To determine the quantity of galled shoots and leaf gall abundance, it was distributed the same measurements of these structures in length classes. Also was established three classes of vertical and horizontal measures of galled leaves to verify which of these sites had the higher number of galls. It was observed an increase in shoots and leaves length classes, greater was the galler attack to these structures. There was a gradient of galls from the base towards the apex (vertical classes) and from midrib to edges (horizontal classes). These results showed that E. dispar prefers to induce galls on more vigorous shoots and leaves, as proposed by the Plant Vigor Hypothesis; the same occurred close to leaves petiole and midrib of E. uniflora. Keywords: Gall, Plant Vigor Hypothesis, preference hypothesis, pitanga. R E S U M OLocais da planta hospedeira com recursos de alta qualidade são mais visados por galhadores. O objetivo do estudo foi verificar se Eugeniamyia dispar (Diptera) prefere atacar ramos e folhas de Eugenia uniflora (Myrtaceae) com elevado vigor, assim como determinar quais microhabitats verticais e horizontais das folhas são mais abundantes em galhas. Foram medidos os comprimentos de ramos folhas de indivíduos adultos de E. uniflora. Para determinar a quantidade de ramos galhados e abundância de galhas foliares, nós distribuímos as medidas dessas estruturas em classes de comprimento. Foram estabelecidas três classes de medidas verticais e horizontais das folhas galhadas para verificar quais desses locais possuíam maior número de galhas. À medida que houve o aumento das classes de comprimento dos ramos e folhas, maior foi o ataque do galhador a essas estruturas. Ocorreu decréscimo no gradiente de galhas da base em direção ao ápice (classes verticais) e da nervura central às bordas (classes horizontais). Esses resultados demonstram que E. dispar possui preferência por induzir galhas em ramos e folhas mais vigorosos, assim como proposto pela Hipótese do Vigor da Planta; o mesmo ocorreu próximo ao pecíolo e nervura central de folhas de E. uniflora. Palavras-Chave: Galha, Hipótese do Vigor da Planta, hipótese da preferência, pitanga.

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“…For example generalist insects can reduce canopy cover allowing new individuals and species to grow in the system and acting as a top-down force that shapes the plant community (Wilson & Tilman, 2002;Borer et al, 2014). Although galling insects attack only a small part of the plant, they can often reduce foliar area (de Silva et al, 2015), cause cytological and metabolic damage to the host plant (Nyeko, 2005;Moens et al, 2009;Oliveira et al, 2016), and change the sink and source relationships between plant tissues (Oliveira et al, 2017;Martini et al, 2020). These metabolic changes can lead to shifts in host architecture and reduce the production of reproductive structures (Leege, 2006;Collins & Drummond, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bottom‐up and top‐down forces in plant‐gall relationships: testing the hypotheses of resource concentration, associational resistance, and host fitness reduction

Martini

Raymundo

Oliveira

2021

Ecological Entomology

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1. The abundance of insect galls may be influenced by the local host abundance as well as by the structure of the surrounding plant community, while insect galls may reduce host fitness. So far, few studies have been done in order to understand the relationship between galling insect abundance and the surrounding non-host plant community.2. In the present study, we explored the relationship between galling insect abundance and plant community structure and diversity. We tested the bottom-up forces of host and non-host plant density and non-host diversity on gall abundance. We also tested the top-down force of gall abundance on host fitness.3. We sampled all trees, measured their basal area, and estimated gall abundance in 25 plots (1 ha in total) located in a Brazilian savanna. In addition, we recorded the presence of flowers and fruits in all trees studied. 4. We found a positive relationship between host basal area per plot and gall abundance and a negative relationship between non-host basal area and species diversity with gall abundance. We also observed a negative association between gall abundance and the probability of the host plant to have flowers or fruits.5. Our data provide evidence that plant communities in which one host species dominates can be more susceptible to herbivore pressures than communities with less host dominance and more non-host neighbours, and that the non-host species create disruptive cues limiting galling insect infestation.

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Relationship between gall-midge parasitism, plant vigor, and developmental instability in Ouratea polygyna Engl (Ochnaceae) in a patch of a Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

Leaf phenotypic variation and developmental instability in relation to different light regimes

Leaf phenotypic variation and developmental instability in relation to different light regimes

Preferência de oviposição de Eugeniamyia dispar (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) em folhas e ramos de sua planta hospedeira Eugenia uniflora (Myrtaceae)

Bottom‐up and top‐down forces in plant‐gall relationships: testing the hypotheses of resource concentration, associational resistance, and host fitness reduction

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