Karyotype and genome size analyses in species of Helichrysum (Asteraceae)

Abstract

Karyotype studies were performed in 18 populations of eight Helichrysum species in Iran. Those species showed chromosome numbers of 2n = 2x = 14; 2n = 4x = 24, 28 and 32; 2n = 6x = 36; 2n = 7x = 42; 2n = 8x = 48; 2n = 9x = 54; and 2n = 10x = 60. The chromosome numbers of H. davisianum, H. globiferum, H. leucocephalum and H. oocephalum are reported here for the first time. New ploidy levels are reported for H. oligocephalum (2n = 4x = 24) and H. plicatum (2n = 4x = 32). The chromosomes were metacentric and submetacentric. An ANOVA among H. globiferum and H. leucocephalum populations showed significant differences for the coefficient of variation for chromosome size, total form percentage and the asymmetry indices, indicating that changes in the chromosome structure of Helichrysum species occurred during their diversification. Significant positive correlations among the species and populations studied, in terms of the total chromosome length, lengths of the short arms and lengths of the long arms, indicate that these karyotypic features change simultaneously during speciation events. The genome sizes of Helichrysum species are reported here for first time. The 2C DNA content ranged from 8.13 pg (in H. rubicundum) to 18.4 pg (in H. leucocephalum and H. davisianum). We found that C-value correlated significantly with ploidy level, total chromosome length, lengths of the long arms and lengths of the short arms (p<0.05), indicating that changes in chromosome structure are accompanied by changes in DNA content.

Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don Essential Oil from Serbia: Chemical Composition, Classification and Biological Activity—May It Be a Suitable New Crop for Serbia?

“…Samples with high content of α-pinene are distributed in Italy [42], Portugal [59], and Croatia [52], while moderate α-pinene content in H. italicum EOs was recorded in Bulgaria where it was introduced by the Corsican population [60], Croatia [52], Bosnia and Herce govina [47], and Algeria [48]. This indicates that the chemical composition varies depend According to data from literature about H. italicum EO chemical composition (as illustrated in Table 1) and cluster analysis based on this data-unrooted phylogenetic tree (as illustrated in Figure 2), there are ten chemotypes of H. italicum depending on the main compounds in the EO: (1) high neryl-acetate chemotype (50.5-83.4%); (2) moderate nerylacetate chemotype (19.5-48.0%); (3) neryl-acetate + ar-curcumene (3.9-20.3% and 0.8-14.5%, respectively); (4) ar-curcumene + γ-curcumene (17.9-28.6% and 12.0-22.0%, respectively); (5) γ-curcumene (13.6-27.7%); (6) * TS: this study.…”

“…The genus HelichrysumMill. includes over 300 species out of which 25 are distributed in Europe and the Mediterranean, while the others are distributed in Africa and Madagascar, Australia, and New Zealand [1][2][3], and also in temperate regions of Asia, including in India, Iran, and Turkey [4][5][6]. Mediterranean species belong to the Stoechadina section [7], and H. italicum (Roth) G. Don (syn.…”

Overview of Next-generation Sequencing Platforms Used in Published Draft Plant Genomes in Light of Genotypization of Immortelle Plant (Helichrysium Arenarium)

“…Additionally, it has been reported on several occasions that in recent years the Illumina sequencing platform has been the most successful platform in terms of market share and widespreadness, to the point of near monopoly, which only adds to the fact that it is the most popular choice of scientists performing the plant genome sequencing ( 55 , 56 ). Although Azizi et al reported genome sizes of several species of genus Helichrysium ( 56 ), there are no exact data regarding the size of H. arenarium genome. Hence, we relied on estimated size range when calculating the estimated price range of a single sequencing run using Illumina/Solexa platform.…”

Karyomorphological Studies of the Populations Belonging to <i>Psephellus aucherianus</i> (DC.) Boiss. (Asteraceae) Complex

“…When diploid species were compared with poliploids, TCL and genome size display a risen directly proportional to each other. Azizi et al (2014) suggested that chromosome arm length, total chromosome length and genome size in during species diversification increase in parallel with increases in ploidy level. In this case, our foresight is seen very consistent with previous reports (Olanj et al 2013).…”