Fruit set of distylous Psychotria carthagenensis Jacq. (Rubiaceae) mediated by Apis mellifera (Apidae) and species of Augochloropsis (Halictidae)

Faria, Rogério Rodrigues; Araujo, Andréa Cardoso

doi:10.1590/0102-33062014abb0006

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In contrast to P . homalosperma , the distylous species P. carthagenensis in Brazil was effectively pollinated by the introduced honeybees in both directions (Faria & Araujo ). This was probably because the corolla tube is much shorter in P. carthagenensis (approximately 5 mm, Faria et al ) than in P. homalosperma (approximately 18–20 mm, Watanabe et al ) and the S‐morph stigmas are more easily accessible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollination and reproduction of Psychotria homalosperma, an endangered distylous tree endemic to the oceanic Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands, Japan

Watanabe

Kato

Kuraya

et al. 2017

Plant Species Biology

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Distyly is usually rare or not observed in species thriving on oceanic islands. The rarity of this breeding system is probably because of the difficulty of colonization for distylous plants and the paucity of pollinators on oceanic islands. However, the endemic and endangered tree Psychotria homalosperma has maintained its distylous nature in the oceanic Bonin Islands, Japan. To understand how the distylous breeding system of P. homalosperma has been maintained on these islands and to characterize the reproduction systems, we studied the pollination and reproductive biology of this species. Specifically, we observed current flower visitors and estimated their effects on plant reproduction. We also examined the floral traits and floral volatiles of P. homalosperma to infer its original pollinators, because plant-pollinator relationships in the Bonin Islands have recently been disrupted by anthropological activities. Finally, we examined the fruit set and pollen tube growth in the stigmas under hand and open pollination. Although original pollinators were presumed to be moths with long proboscises, the introduced honeybee, Apis mellifera, was the most common flower visitor. The honeybee carried pollen grains only unidirectionally, from the short-to long-styled morphs, because it could not reach the hidden stigmas of the short-styled flowers, and long-styled flowers set fruits 1.7-38 times more than short-styled ones. This case study indicates that the instability of pollinator fauna can cause distylous species to be rare on oceanic islands.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollination and reproduction of Psychotria homalosperma, an endangered distylous tree endemic to the oceanic Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands, Japan

Watanabe

Kato

Kuraya

et al. 2017

Plant Species Biology

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“…In Brazil, P. carthagenensis is commonly found not only in areas of moist soil near water bodies (R. R. Faria & Araujo, 2015), but also on sandy or clayey soils (R. Faria & Lima, 2008;Koch et al, 2010) of the phytogeographic domains Amazon, Caatinga, Cerrado, Atlantic Forest, Pampa and Pantanal (Reflora, 2020). Consequently, as these plants are distributed in different environments, from sea level to 600 m altitude, it is possible to observe not only wide morphological variation between the populations of each of these regions (Vitarelli & Santos, 2009), but also differences in phytochemicals, since environmental factors may influence types and contents of bioactive substances (Liu et al, 2016;L.…”

Section: Phytochemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potential and lack of toxicity of Psychotria carthagenensis infusions

Nascimento

Rivero-Wendt

Miranda-Vilela

et al. 2021

RSD

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We aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition of the aqueous extract of leaves of Psychotria carthagenensis, and its possible toxicological effects at 200 µg/Kg on Rattus norvegicus. The aqueous extract was used for preliminary phytochemical analyses using standard procedures. After, male albino Wistar rats (N= 6/group) received by gavage for 15 consecutive days, infusions with fresh (FL) and dry leaf (DL) at 200 µg/kg; controls received filtered water (negative) or clonazepam solution at 0.5 mg/kg (positive). Hematological analyses, determination of serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea, uric acid, total plasma protein (TPP), quantification of serum cholinesterase (AChE), and histological analyses of kidneys and liver were carried out. By the phytochemical analysis of the aqueous leaf extract, it was possible to detect the total phenols, flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids, the latter having been recorded for the species for the first time in this study. ALT and AST levels indicated an increase in these plasma enzymes, but histological analysis of kidneys and liver showed only slight changes. Inhibition of AChE levels was related mainly to alkaloids. The infusion showed the pharmacological potential of the plant as an alternative in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

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“…Birds (e.g., hummingbirds) and insects (e.g., bees) have differences in transfer patterns, spatial displacement, and behavior during visits (Krauss et al, 2017; Lehmann et al, 2019). This range of floral and behavioral components in the plant–pollinator relationship make estimating pollinator efficacy difficult (Ballantyne et al, 2015; Faria and Araújo, 2015; Deschepper et al, 2018; Lehmann et al, 2019). Distylous species often display pollen dimorphism, making it possible to measure pollen deposition of L‐ and S‐flowers on the pollinators and the stigma, facilitating estimates of illegitimate and legitimate pollen transfer rates.…”

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confidence: 99%

Complementary roles of hummingbirds and bees: Pollen pickup, pollen deposition, and fruit production in the distylous Palicourea rigida

Furtado

Matias

Pérez‐Barrales

et al. 2023

American J of Botany

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Premise: Distyly is a condition in which individual plants in a population express two floral morphs, L-and S-morph, characterized by reciprocal placements of anthers and stigmas between morphs. The function of distyly requires that pollinators collect pollen from L-and S-morphs on different parts along their bodies to then deposit it on the stigmas of the opposite morph, known as legitimate pollination. However, different pollinator groups might differ in the ability to transfer pollen legitimately. Methods: We investigated patterns of pollen pickup along the body of different functional groups (hummingbirds and bees) using preserved specimens to analyze their role in the reproductive success of Palicourea rigida. We measured pollen deposition on the body of pollinators, on stigmas, and fruit production after a single visit.Results: Pollen from L-and S-flowers appeared segregated on different body parts of the hummingbird and bee used in the study. S-pollen was deposited primarily on the proximal regions (near the head), and L-pollen was placed in the distal regions (tip of the proboscis and bill). Hummingbirds were more efficient at legitimate pollination than bees, particularly to S-stigmas. However, fruit formation after single visits by both pollinators was similar. Conclusions: The morphology of distylous flowers allows the segregated placement of L-and S-pollen on different body parts of the animal specimens used, facilitating the promotion of legitimate pollen transfer, an observation consistent between the two functional pollinator groups. Also, the results show that full fruit set requires more than one visit.

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Fruit set of distylous Psychotria carthagenensis Jacq. (Rubiaceae) mediated by Apis mellifera (Apidae) and species of Augochloropsis (Halictidae)

Cited by 4 publications

References 31 publications

Pollination and reproduction of Psychotria homalosperma, an endangered distylous tree endemic to the oceanic Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands, Japan

Pollination and reproduction of Psychotria homalosperma, an endangered distylous tree endemic to the oceanic Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands, Japan

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potential and lack of toxicity of Psychotria carthagenensis infusions

Complementary roles of hummingbirds and bees: Pollen pickup, pollen deposition, and fruit production in the distylous Palicourea rigida

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