Schistosomiasis is a debilitating neglected tropical disease caused by Schistosoma parasites. In the Americas, Brazil bears the largest burden of this disease with 2 to 6 million people currently infected. Schistosoma flukes are obligate parasites of freshwater Biomphalaria snails, thus controlling snail populations is critical to reducing schistosomiasis transmission risk. As snails are sensitive to a wide range of environmental and climatic drivers, we expect that their distribution has been, and will continue to be, significantly impacted by global environmental change. Here, we leveraged cutting edge machine learning models, remote sensing data, and a 30-year dataset on snail occurrence to map the historical and current habitat suitability of competent Biomphalaria intermediate hosts. We asked (i) What are the key features of the environment that influence the distribution of suitable snail habitat? (ii) How has snail distribution shifted with climate and urbanization throughout the last three decades? Our models show that variability in climate across time, particularly for variables related to precipitation, has likely influenced broad shifts in snail host range, whereas increase in urban areas has influenced fine scale, increases in Biomphalaria habitat suitability. Elucidating change in snail distribution through time - while accounting for non-linearities that are difficult to detect from case studies - can help to inform if and when schistosomiasis control strategies should be adapted.