Adherence to Southern European Atlantic Diet and physical fitness on the atherogenic index of plasma in adolescents

Agostinis‐Sobrinho, César; Dias, Arieli Fernandes; Brand, Caroline; Norkienė, Sigutė; Abreu, Sandra; Gaya, Adroaldo Cézar Araújo; Lopes, Luís; Moreira, Carla; Mota, Jorge; Santos, Rute

doi:10.1590/0102-311x00200418

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…On the other hand, the study association could be stronger in older than in younger subjects due to increased cumulative exposure to the diet in the years or decades before enrollment. It is therefore reassuring that our results are in line with those of other studies on the SEAD carried out in younger, Portuguese, and North-Western Spanish populations [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Generalizabilitysupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The individual components of the SEAD that mostly mediated these beneficial associations were fish and legumes/vegetables for C-reactive protein, fish for triglycerides, and cod and legumes/vegetables for blood pressure [6]. These findings were replicated and expanded in another cross-sectional study in Portuguese adolescents, as increased SEAD adherence was also associated with lower total cholesterol, as well as with a smaller waist circumference [7][8][9][10]. In a further crosssectional study of morbidity-free Spanish subjects < 70 years, higher adherence to a modified 14-component SEAD score that included physical activity was associated with lower levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, pulse wave velocity, BMI, and waist circumference [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Finally, in a case-control study in Portuguese adults ≥ 18 years, higher SEAD adherence was linked to lower odds of non-fatal acute myocardial infarction. The food groups that contributed the most to this [10,22] Model 1: Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for sex, age (years), educational level (primary or less, secondary, or university), and energy intake (kcal/day) Model 2: as model 1 and further adjusted for smoking status (never, former, or current), diabetes, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, musculoskeletal disease, cancer, and depression at baseline, and 3-year cumulative leisure-time physical activity (MET-hours/week), sedentary behavior (TV hours/day), and body mass index (kg/m 2 ) Model 3: as model 2 and further adjusted for 3-year cumulative white meat, fruit, and refined grains consumption association were cod, dairy products, legumes and vegetables, whole-grain bread, and wine. Conversely, consumption of red meat and pork products as well as of potatoes was associated with higher odds of myocardial infarction [4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To estimate the adherence to the SEAD, we used the food components and scorings proposed by Oliveira et al [4], which have been used by most of the subsequent studies on this dietary pattern [6][7][8][9][10]. We first calculated the habitual consumption (g/day) of each of the 9 components of this dietary pattern: fresh fish (excluding cod), cod, red meat and pork products, dairy, legumes and vegetables (excluding those consumed in soup), vegetable soup, potatoes regardless of the cooking method, whole-grain bread, and wine.…”

Section: Study Variables Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Higher adherence to the SEAD has been associated with a healthier gut microbiota [5] as well as with lower levels of several cardiovascular risk factors, including C-reactive protein, total cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, insulin resistance, pulse wave velocity, systolic blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference [6][7][8][9][10][11]. Importantly, higher adherence to the SEAD has also been linked to a lower risk of myocardial infarction [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Southern European Atlantic Diet and all-cause mortality in older adults

Carballo‐Casla

Ortolá

García‐Esquinas

et al. 2021

BMC Med

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Background The Southern European Atlantic Diet (SEAD) is the traditional diet of Northern Portugal and North-Western Spain. Higher adherence to the SEAD has been associated with lower levels of some cardiovascular risk factors and reduced risk for myocardial infarction, but whether this translates into lower all-cause mortality is uncertain. We hence examined the association between adherence to the SEAD and all-cause mortality in older adults. Methods Data were taken from the Seniors-ENRICA-1 cohort, which included 3165 individuals representative of the non-institutionalized population aged ≥ 60 years in Spain. Food consumption was assessed with a validated diet history, and adherence to the SEAD was measured with an index comprising 9 food components: fresh fish, cod, red meat and pork products, dairy products, legumes and vegetables, vegetable soup, potatoes, whole-grain bread, and wine. Vital status was ascertained with the National Death Index of Spain. Statistical analyses were performed with Cox regression models and adjusted for the main confounders. Results During a median follow-up of 10.9 years, 646 deaths occurred. Higher adherence to the SEAD was associated with lower all-cause mortality (fully adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] per 1-SD increment in the SEAD score 0.86 [0.79, 0.94]; p-trend < 0.001). Most food components of the SEAD showed some tendency to lower all-cause mortality, especially moderate wine consumption (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] 0.71 [0.59, 0.86]). The results were robust in several sensitivity analyses. The protective association between SEAD and all-cause death was of similar magnitude to that found for the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] per 1-SD increment 0.89 [0.80, 0.98]) and the Alternate Healthy Eating Index (0.83 [0.76, 0.92]). Conclusions Adherence to the SEAD is associated with a lower risk of all-cause death among older adults in Spain.

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Section: Generalizabilitysupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Variables Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Southern European Atlantic Diet and all-cause mortality in older adults

Carballo‐Casla

Ortolá

García‐Esquinas

et al. 2021

BMC Med

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Traditional Atlantic Diet and Its Effect on Health and the Environment

Cambeses-Franco,

Gude,

Benítez-Estévez

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceThe universal call to action for healthier and more sustainable dietary choices is the framework of the United Nations’s Sustainable Development Goals. The Atlantic diet, originating from the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, represents an example of a traditional diet that aligns with these principles.ObjectiveTo explore a 6-month intervention based on the Atlantic diet’s effects on metabolic and environmental health, assessing metabolic syndrome (MetS) incidence and the carbon footprint.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe Galician Atlantic Diet study was a 6-month randomized clinical trial designed to assess the effects of this regional traditional diet on families’ eating habits. The study was conducted from March 3, 2014, to May 29, 2015, at a local primary health care center in the rural town of A Estrada in northwestern Spain and involved a multisectoral collaboration. Families were randomly selected from National Health System records and randomized 1:1 to an intervention or control group. This secondary analysis of the trial findings was performed between March 24, 2021, and November 7, 2023.InterventionsOver 6 months, families in the intervention group received educational sessions, cooking classes, written supporting material, and foods characteristic of the Atlantic diet, whereas those randomized to the control group continued with their habitual lifestyle.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcomes were MetS incidence, defined per National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines, and carbon footprint emissions as an environmental metric using life cycle assessment with daily dietary intake as the functional unit.ResultsInitially, 250 families were randomized (574 participants; mean [SD] age, 46.8 [15.7] years; 231 males [40.2%] and 343 females [59.8%]). The intervention group included 126 families (287 participants) and the control group, 124 families (287 participants). Ultimately, 231 families completed the trial. The intervention significantly reduced the risk of incident cases of MetS (rate ratio, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.13-0.79) and had fewer MetS components (proportional odds ratio, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.42-0.82) compared with the control condition. The intervention group did not have a significantly reduced environmental impact in terms of carbon footprint emissions compared with the control group (−0.17 [95% CI, −0.46 to 0.12] kg CO2 equivalents/person/d).Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings provide important evidence that a family-focused dietary intervention based on a traditional diet can reduce the risk of incident MetS. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms and determine the generalizability to other populations, taking into account regional cultural and dietary variations.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02391701

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