Burnout y factores de riesgo psicosocial en el personal de un hospital de larga estancia

Abstract

Resumen: Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la relación entre los riesgos psicosociales y el burnout en un hospital español de media-larga estancia. Se realizó un estudio transversal en 2017, aplicando la versión española del MBI-HSS y el cuestionario F-Psico 3.1 del Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo. Variables predictoras: características sociodemográficas, moduladoras y factores de riesgo psicosocial. Variables resultado: prevalencia de burnout y afectación de sus subescalas. La asociación entre variables se cuantificó con odds ratio. El cansancio emocional se asoció positivamente a los riesgos psicosociales vinculados a carga de trabajo, demandas psicológicas, participación/supervisión, desempeño de rol, relaciones/apoyo social y al consumo de ansiolíticos; fueron factores protectores los hijos, sentirse valorado por pacientes y compañeros, satisfacción laboral, optimismo y apoyo social. Las asociaciones halladas para la despersonalización fueron similares, pero más débiles. La baja realización personal se asoció positivamente a los riesgos psicosociales vinculados al tiempo trabajado, autonomía, variedad/contenido del trabajo, desempeño de rol y apoyo social; fue la subescala que mostró mayor número de variables sociodemográficas/moduladoras protectoras: estado civil, tener hijos, trabajar de noche, sentirse valorado por pacientes y familiares, ilusión por el trabajo, apoyo social, autoeficacia y optimismo. Según nuestros resultados, existe asociación entre los riesgos psicosociales y el burnout. Los individuos con mayor satisfacción laboral, autoeficacia y optimismo, afrontan mejor el estrés y son menos vulnerables a los riesgos psicosociales y al burnout

Perfil da equipe de enfermagem de unidades ambulatoriais universitárias: considerações para a saúde do trabalhador

“…This fact was related to a greater ability to face emotional problems and conflicts on the part of the subject who is involved with his family. 26 The schooling observed in this research is in line with national data, because although the sample is composed of 30.2% of nurses, 68.5% of the professionals participating in the research have a higher level, of these 49.2% are graduate, revealing a phenomenon called 'overqualification', characterized by increased access to higher education for workers, without the equivalent expansion of the supply of more qualified jobs. 27 Regarding this aspect, studies 17,18 conducted in Brazil highlight in their results negative aspects related to having a higher qualification than required for the position.…”

Occupational Psychosocial Factors in Primary Care Continuing Care Staff

“…Another possibility is that as healthcare staff's job posts remain longer in employment exchanges, they may opt for rural areas with less WL, which might explain why these staff members are older than those in urban areas [4,11,12,18]. Some healthcare professionals working for hierarchised healthcare institutions may often feel poorly engaged, insufficiently acknowledged, perform badly defined tasks, face no internal promotion prospects, and lack management's support [6,10,16,26]. In our case, however, no differences were found for interest in workers/compensation (WTC) or them participating in and supervising management (PS), which contributes to workers' psychosocial protection.…”

“…The probability of feeling much emotional exhaustion is higher for people with a heavy WL [3,10,13]. Healthcare professionals' burnout and stress levels have increased in recent years [3,10,13,15], but the psychosocial reality does not only depend on the work conditions or on a country's socio-economic situation, but on how workers perceive these conditions [3,4,8,11,15,16].…”

“…Our data came from self-report questionnaires with their inherent limitations, which could still be more efficient in collecting data and providing subjects with more intimacy than other types of questionnaires or measuring techniques [10,21,26]. Checking our results with other works that have measured psychosocial factors and stress is a complicated task because of the different methodologies and measuring instruments employed [4][5][6]11,16,21,25,26]. F-Psico 3.1 is a questionnaire that loses details when all the possible and risk situations are grouped into a few general factors, but it is the only one that assesses the situation of people who might have a low WL and, therefore, feel little professional self-esteem [21].…”

Ansiedade, Depressão, Estresse e níveis de cortisol capilar em trabalhadores de enfermagem do serviço hospitalar

“…Acresce-se que há uma diversidade de fatores de riscos ocupacionais presentes nos ambientes de trabalho dos profissionais de Enfermagem como os agentes de riscos ergonômicos que resultam em má postura dos trabalhadores e dores osteomusculares, as causas de riscos físicos representados por ruídos fortes, temperaturas inapropriadas, os elementos de riscos químicos presentes em medicamentos, nos gases e nos aerossóis e os agentes de riscos biológicos que levam os trabalhadores a apresentar alta vulnerabilidade para adquirir infecções (LIMA et al, 2018), além de outros ainda menos estudados, como os que resultam nos riscos psicossociais (MERINO-PLAZA et al, 2018;GUAJARDO, VASQUEZ, 2018;RAMIREZ, MAYORGA, 2017).…”