A determinação biológica dos transtornos mentais: uma discussão a partir de teses neurocientíficas recentes

Freitas-Silva, Luna Rodrigues; Ortega, Francisco

doi:10.1590/0102-311x00168115

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(83 reference statements)

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“…Mental disorders are multidimensional complex entities, with non-linear relationships among their biological processes (Kirmayer & Crafa, 2014; Freitas-Silva & Ortega, 2016) rather than being defined by a single distinct biomarker such as an antibody or aberrant protein (Scarr et al, 2015). Thus, a complex nosological entity, such as ADHD, may be explained by a large set of different quantitative variables of biological dimensions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating biological accuracy of DSM for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder based on multivariate analysis for small samples

Abramov

Лазарев

Gomes

et al. 2019

PeerJ

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Objective To estimate whether the “Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders” (DSM) is biologically accurate for the diagnosis of Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) using a biological-based classifier built by a special method of multivariate analysis of a large dataset of a small sample (much more variables than subjects), holding neurophysiological, behavioral, and psychological variables. Methods Twenty typically developing boys and 19 boys diagnosed with ADHD, aged 10–13 years, were examined using the Attentional Network Test (ANT) with recordings of event-related potentials (ERPs). From 774 variables, a reduced number of latent variables (LVs) were extracted with a clustering of variables method (CLV), for further reclassification of subjects using the k-means method. This approach allowed a multivariate analysis to be applied to a significantly larger number of variables than the number of cases. Results From datasets including ERPs from the mid-frontal, mid-parietal, right frontal, and central scalp areas, we found 82% of agreement between DSM and biological-based classifications. The kappa index between DSM and behavioral/psychological/neurophysiological data was 0.75, which is regarded as a “substantial level of agreement”. Discussion The CLV is a useful method for multivariate analysis of datasets with much less subjects than variables. In this study, a correlation is found between the biological-based classifier and the DSM outputs for the classification of subjects as either ADHD or not. This result suggests that DSM clinically describes a biological condition, supporting its validity for ADHD diagnostics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating biological accuracy of DSM for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder based on multivariate analysis for small samples

Abramov

Лазарев

Gomes

et al. 2019

PeerJ

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“…The "epigenetic turn" in neuroscience, more recently, has been proposed as a "bridge" between biological and socio-cultural effects on psychopathology (Freitas-Silva & Ortega, 2016Junior et al, 2018):…”

Section: /30mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, this "epigenetic turn" removes the focus of neurogenetics from a necessarily linear or unidirectional model (the "gene-for" paradigm), bringing it closer to more complex notions of epidemiology (Castiel, 1999;Freitas-Silva & Ortega, 2016. This "epigenetic turn" has led to a number of researches on changes in gene expression and/or DNA methylation as mediators of psychosocial effects on mental health (Gottschalk et al, 2020).…”

Section: /30mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocultural aspects of mental distress: Expanding the biomedical model towards an integrative biopsychosocial understanding of disorder

Maximino¹

2021

Preprint

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Objective: To produce a theoretical approach about the relations between neuroscience and psychopathology that expands beyond the biomedical model to include a non-reductionist, enactive, and biocultural perspective. Method: An integrative review, drawing from the biocultural approach from Anthropology, is used to produce examples from epigenetics, neuroplasticity, and functional neuroanatomy. Results and conclusion: A biocultural approach points to a brain that is highly plastic, reinforcing a much more complex model in which biological vulnerabilities and the historical-cultural environment co-construct each other. The examples given seem to point to the pressing need for a critical expansion of reductionist models of psychopathology. Importantly, the cultural-historical environment to which we refer is not a set of neutral social relations to which individuals are homogeneously exposed, such that aspects that are usually studied under the social determinants of health and disease (poverty, discrimination, violence, and other factors that represent sources of control, production, and distribution of material resources, ideology, and power) need to be incorporated in adequate biopsychosocial models of mental distress.

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“…Understanding the formation processes of mental disorders is a challenge that has been present since the foundation of the psychiatric field (Freitas-Silva;Ortega, 2016). Different areas of science work to unravel the behaviors and emotions of the human mind, seeking a relationship with intrinsic (biological) or extrinsic (environmental and psychosocial) factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Happens in the Brain of a Person With Disorder

Rodrigues¹

2022

JHS

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We can all be "sad" or "depressed" at times in our lives. We've all seen movies about the crazy and the crazy things they do, like crime sprees, with the underlying cause of mental illness. Sometimes we even make jokes about people being crazy, even though we know we must not. We've all had some exposure to mental illness, but do we really understand or know what it is? Many of our concepts are unfounded, generating prejudices. A mental illness can be defined as a health condition that changes a person's (or all three) thinking, feelings or behavior and causes the person distress and difficulty functioning. As with many illnesses, mental illness is severe in some cases and mild in others. Individuals with mental illness do not necessarily appear to be ill, especially if it is a mild psychopathology. Other individuals may experience more overt symptoms such as confusion, agitation, or withdrawal, making their lives dysfunctional. There are many different mental illnesses, including depression, schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Each disease alters a specific person's thoughts, feelings and/or behaviors in different ways. This way, we seek in this article to understand what happens in the brain of a person with a mental disorder.

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A determinação biológica dos transtornos mentais: uma discussão a partir de teses neurocientíficas recentes

Cited by 15 publications

References 42 publications

Estimating biological accuracy of DSM for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder based on multivariate analysis for small samples

Estimating biological accuracy of DSM for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder based on multivariate analysis for small samples

Biocultural aspects of mental distress: Expanding the biomedical model towards an integrative biopsychosocial understanding of disorder

What Happens in the Brain of a Person With Disorder

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