Association of breastfeeding, maternal anthropometry and body composition in women at 30 years of age

Lima, Natália Peixoto; Bassani, Diego G.; Silva, Bruna G C da; Motta, J V S; Magalhães, Elma Izze da Silva; Barros, Fernando C.; Horta, Bernardo Lessa

doi:10.1590/0102-311x00122018

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Other possible explanation for the positive impact of increasing age on unhealthy bodyweight could be due to lower likelihood to breastfeed among older women as corroborated earlier [48,51]. In this study, breastfeeding is protective against overweight which aligns with prior finding [52]. Coupled with a report of a recent decline in breastfeeding in Malawi [14], promotion of breastfeeding in women nutrition, campaign and intervention should therefore be strengthened.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Multilevel analysis of unhealthy bodyweight among women in Malawi: Does urbanisation matter?

Afolabi

Palamuleni

2021

PLoS ONE

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Background Underweight and overweight constitute unhealthy bodyweight and their coexistence is symptomatic of the dual burden of malnutrition (DBM) of high public health concern in many sub-Saharan Africa countries. Little is known about DBM and its correlates in Malawi, a country undergoing urbanisation. The study examined net effects of urban residence on unhealthy weights amidst individual- and community-level factors among women in Malawi. Methods Data on 7231 women aged 15–49 years nested within 850 communities extracted from 2015–16 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey were analysed. Women’s weight status measured by body mass index, operationally categorised as underweight, normal and overweight, was the outcome variable while urban-rural residence was the main explanatory variable. Multilevel multinomial logistic regression analysis was employed at 5% significant level; the relative-risk ratio (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were presented. Results Urban residents had a significantly higher prevalence of overweight than rural (36.4% vs. 17.2%; p< 0.001) but a -non-significant lower prevalence of underweight (6.2% vs. 7.4%; p = 0.423). Having adjusted for both individual- and community-level covariates, compared to rural, living in urban (aRR = 1.25; CI: 1.02–1.53) accounted for about 25% higher risk of being overweight relative to normal weight. Higher education attainment, being married and belonging to Chewa, Lomwe or Mang’anja ethnic group significantly reduced the risk of being underweight but heightened the risk of being overweight. Being older and living in wealthier households respectively accounted for about 3- and 2-times higher likelihood of being overweight, while breastfeeding (aRR = 0.65; CI: 0.55–0.76) was protective against overweight. Living in communities with higher poverty and higher education levels reduced and increased the risk of being overweight, respectively. Evidence of community’s variability in unhealthy weights was observed in that 11.1% and 3.0% respectively of the variance in the likelihood of being overweight and underweight occurred across communities. Conclusions The study demonstrated association between urban residence and women overweight. Other important associated factors of overweight included breastfeeding, community education- and poverty-level, while education attainment, marital status and ethnicity were associated with the dual unhealthy weight. Thus, both individual- and community-level characteristics are important considerations for policy makers in designing interventions to address DBM in Malawi.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Multilevel analysis of unhealthy bodyweight among women in Malawi: Does urbanisation matter?

Afolabi

Palamuleni

2021

PLoS ONE

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“…Breastfeeding has been previously suggested to affect PPWR and body composition [ 10 , 45 , 46 ]. The findings of the current study specifically support that initiation of exclusive breastfeeding is a determinant of lower PPWR and fat percentage, albeit only in women with overweight and obesity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This would imply that starting exclusive breastfeeding, regardless of continuation, is most essential for beneficial maternal health outcomes. This is remarkable, as increased energy expenditure is generally considered to be the underlying reason for the association between breastfeeding and PPWR reduction [ 10 , 45 , 46 ]. It would be expected that duration of breastfeeding plays a role, as longer duration would imply a longer period of exposure to increased energy expenditure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Postpartum Weight and Body Composition after Excessive Gestational Weight Gain: The Role of Lifestyle Behaviors—Data from the INTER-ACT Control Group

Bijlholt

Ameye

Uytsel

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Women with excessive gestational weight gain are at increased risk of postpartum weight retention and potentially also unfavorable body composition. Insight into the lifestyle behaviors that play a role in the evolution of postpartum weight and body composition among these women could aid identification of those at highest risk of long-term adverse outcomes. This secondary analysis of the INTER-ACT randomized controlled trial investigates control group data only (n = 524). The evolution of weight retention, percentage loss of gestational weight gain, fat percentage, waist circumference, and associated lifestyle behaviors between 6 weeks and 12 months postpartum were assessed using mixed model analyses. At six weeks postpartum, every sedentary hour was associated with 0.1% higher fat percentage (P = 0.01), and a higher emotional eating score was associated with 0.2% higher fat percentage (P < 0.001) and 0.3 cm higher waist circumference (P < 0.001). Increase in emotional eating score between 6 weeks and 6 months postpartum was associated with a 0.4 kg (P = 0.003) increase in postpartum weight retention from six months onwards. Among women with overweight, an increase in the uncontrolled eating score between 6 weeks and 6 months postpartum was associated with a 0.3 kg higher postpartum weight retention (P = 0.04), and 0.3% higher fat percentage (P = 0.006) from six months onwards. In conclusion, sedentary and eating behaviors play important roles in postpartum weight and body composition of women with excessive gestational weight gain and should therefore be incorporated as focal points in lifestyle interventions for this population.

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“…Results from observational cohorts assessing the influence of breastfeeding history and duration on BMD are inconsistent. 6,30,[38][39][40] FIG. 2.…”

Section: Lactationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone Mineral Density Changes Associated With Pregnancy, Lactation, and Medical Treatments in Premenopausal Women and Effects Later in Life

Watts

Binkley

Owens

et al. 2021

Journal of Women's Health

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Bone mineral density (BMD) changes during the life span, increasing rapidly during adolescence, plateauing in the third decade of life, and subsequently entering a phase of age-related decline. In women, menopause leads to accelerated bone loss and an increase in fracture risk. Between peak bone mass attainment and menopause, BMD is generally stable and the risk of fracture is typically low. This time period is marked by life events such as pregnancy and lactation, which transiently decrease BMD, yet their long-term effects on fracture risk are less certain. BMD may also be altered by exposure to medications that affect bone metabolism (e.g., contraceptives, glucocorticoids, antidiabetic medications, antiepileptic drugs). Although oral contraceptives are often believed to be neutral with regard to bone health, depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and gonadotropinreleasing hormone (GnRH) agonists have been associated with decreases in BMD. Development of newer medical therapies, principally GnRH antagonists (e.g., ASP1707, elagolix, linzagolix, relugolix), for treatment of endometriosis-associated pelvic pain and heavy menstrual bleeding due to uterine fibroids has renewed interest in the short-and long-term impacts of changes in BMD experienced by premenopausal women. It is important to understand how these drugs influence BMD and put the findings into context with regard to measurement variability and naturally occurring factors that influence bone health. This review summarizes what is known about the effects on bone health pregnancy, lactation, and use of DMPA, GnRH agonists, and GnRH antagonists in premenopausal women and potential consequences later in life. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03213457.

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Association of breastfeeding, maternal anthropometry and body composition in women at 30 years of age

Cited by 3 publications

References 53 publications

Multilevel analysis of unhealthy bodyweight among women in Malawi: Does urbanisation matter?

Multilevel analysis of unhealthy bodyweight among women in Malawi: Does urbanisation matter?

Evolution of Postpartum Weight and Body Composition after Excessive Gestational Weight Gain: The Role of Lifestyle Behaviors—Data from the INTER-ACT Control Group

Bone Mineral Density Changes Associated With Pregnancy, Lactation, and Medical Treatments in Premenopausal Women and Effects Later in Life

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