Violencia y salud mental asociados a pensar o haber intentado emigrar internacionalmente por adolescentes mexicanos

Abstract

The aim of this study was to estimate the role of victimization by violence among Mexican adolescents that have considered or attempted migrating to the United States, including mental health variables (emotional self-esteem, self-esteem in school, depression, suicidal ideation, and attempted suicide) as mediators of the effects. The study used a cross-sectional design with a stratified cluster sample of 13,198 adolescents from the 2nd Mexican National Survey on Exclusion, Intolerance, and Violence in public schools in 2009. The analysis used the regression models proposed by Baron & Kenny. Prevalence of having considered or attempted cross-border migration was 23.1%. Mean age was 16.36 years. Female adolescents constituted 54.9% of the sample, and 56% were lower-income. Mental health variables that acted as partial mediators were suicidal ideation (35.9%), depression (19.2%), attempted suicide (17.7%), emotional self-esteem (6.2%), and self-esteem in school (3.4%) for moderate family violence, and emotional self-esteem (17.5%) for social rejection in school and suicidal ideation (8.1%) for physical harm in school. Female adolescents showed greater impact from mediators than men in considering or having attempted cross-border migration. The study discusses the importance of incorporating the prevention of violence in the social contexts studied here and incorporating mental health in dealing with violence in adolescents and in public health programs in transit areas for illegal migrants.

Atenção psicossocial às pessoas com comportamento suicida na perspectiva de usuários e profissionais de saúde

“…They can become more and more recurrent and are manifested, through the speeches, by the desire to no longer exist and as a possibility to get rid of anguish and intense pain. The suicidal intention due to the feeling of devaluation was also signaled by a Mexican study, carried out with 13,198 adolescents, whose findings pointed to the lack of meaning for the continuation of life and the suicidal ideation related to low self-esteem by 25.6% of the sample (16) .…”

Variables mediadoras: ¿una oportunidad de profundizar en el estudio de la violencia desde el enfoque de la salud pública?

“…Chavez-Ayala et al 1 , al abordar la violencia, en especial la que se ejerce en los jóvenes y su migración, plantea dos asuntos de gran importancia no solamente de nuestro país, sino problemas compartidos con países hermanos de América Latina. Como lo señalan en la introducción de su trabajo, la relevancia de estos temas estriba tanto por el número importante de vidas que se cobran, como por la gran cantidad de variables que intervienen en su manifestación, lo que los hace complejos ya en sí mismos, tanto para su entendimiento como para la sugerencia de alternativas de solución.…”

“…El objetivo que planean en su trabajo Chavez-Ayala et al 1 es: "estimar la contribución de la exposición a la violencia en el hogar, el bullying y el ambiente violento escolar y violencia en el barrio con pensar o haber intentado emigrar a EE.UU. por los adolescentes mexicanos, con la intervención de variables de salud mental como la autoestima emocional y autoestima escolar, depresión y la ideación y el intento suicida, como mediadoras del efecto, para identificar los contextos sociales de riesgo y las formas de violencia, a fin de planificar estrategias y políticas de salud pública para la prevención de la migración internacional ilegal de los adolescentes".…”