Differential reporting of discriminatory experiences in Brazil and the United States

Burgard, Sarah A.; Castiglione, Debora de Pina; Lin, Katherine; Nobre, Aline Araújo; Aquino, Estela M. L.; Pereira, Alexandre C.; Benseñor, Isabela Judith Martins; Barreto, Sandhi Maria; Chor, Dóra

doi:10.1590/0102-311x00110516

Cited by 22 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Finally, the sample in this study comprised university and research institute employees with stable jobs and high educational achievements for the most part, which is by no means a representative sample of the Brazilian population. Individuals with higher levels of education may be more aware of race-related discrimination 17. It is however worth pointing out that the prevalence of racial discrimination that we found in ELSA-Brasil is lower than the one found in a population survey representative of the Brazilian population aged 16 years or over (6% of them with university degree) carried out in 2008 (White: 7.5%, Brown: 14.7%, Black: 41.1%) 18.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

“…Brazil has a high rate of miscegenation, with self-reported Black or Brown (or ‘ pardo ’, ie, of mixed race/colour) individuals accounting for 7.6% and 43.1% of the population, respectively 16. Hence, given historical policies aimed at ‘Whitening’ a population comprising large numbers of Black people,17 Brazilian racial classification does not replicate the binary Black-White divide found in other societies, such as the USA. Despite the lack of discriminatory laws after the abolition of slavery, Brazil is far from being a ‘racial democracy’, since Brazilian social practices and discourse have been strongly permeated by racial discrimination against Black and Brown individuals 17.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, given historical policies aimed at ‘Whitening’ a population comprising large numbers of Black people,17 Brazilian racial classification does not replicate the binary Black-White divide found in other societies, such as the USA. Despite the lack of discriminatory laws after the abolition of slavery, Brazil is far from being a ‘racial democracy’, since Brazilian social practices and discourse have been strongly permeated by racial discrimination against Black and Brown individuals 17. Studies that investigated social mobility, income inequalities and educational opportunities among Blacks and Browns in Brazil show that both are in huge disadvantage compared to Whites in all those indexes 18.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Racial disparities in renal function: the role of racial discrimination. The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)

Camelo

Giatti

Ladeira

et al. 2018

J Epidemiol Community Health

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Racial disparities in renal function: the role of racial discrimination. The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)

Camelo

Giatti

Ladeira

et al. 2018

J Epidemiol Community Health

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“…Among older adults who live in developing countries, literature is even scarcer. The studies usually represent major urban centers, focus primarily on racial discrimination and older adults just integrate larger samples composed by younger participants rather than constitute the target population under analysis [11–13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived discrimination among older adults living in urban and rural areas in Brazil: a national study (ELSI-Brazil)

et al. 2019

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Background Research on discrimination and health focused on older adults has been scarce, comparatively with younger and middle-aged adults. Considering where people live matters, accurate measures of perceived discrimination might consider how the place of residence interferes on discriminatory experiences. This study aimed to assess the association between perceived discrimination and urban/rural place of residence among a representative sample of older adults in Brazil. Methods Data came from the baseline of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil), conducted in 2015/2016, with individuals aged 50 years and older. Perceived Discrimination was measured by means of the following question: “ In the past 12 months have you felt a victim of any type of discrimination ” with five possible answers: (1)“ when you sought medical services or health care ?”, (2)“ in social gatherings ?”, (3)“ in the work place? ”, (4)“ within the family? ”, (5)“ due to where you live? ”. Participants who answered yes for any of the five domains were coded as having reported an experience of discrimination. The main exposure variable was the urban-rural classification of the households, carried out according to the methods employed by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics during the 2010 Population Census. Other covariates included: age, sex, skin color, household wealth and education. Multiple Poisson regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios and their respective 95% confidence interval for the association between discrimination and independent variables. Results Prevalence of any perceived discrimination among Brazilian older adults was 16.8%. Regardless the place of residence (either urban or rural), participants reported health care settings as the most common domain where discriminatory experiences occurred and the work place as the least common. According to the adjusted model, perceived discrimination was significantly higher among urban dwellers when compared to their rural counterparts, independent of sociodemographic characteristics, health status and neighborhood social environment. The outcome was significant associated with skin color, education and health status. Conclusions Urban environment plays a core role in perceived discrimination and health care settings constitute the most common domain where discriminatory experiences occurred. Our findings may contribute to fulfill the knowledge gap on discrimination among older adults living in developing countries. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12877-019-1076-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…No Brasil, indivíduos negros com mais escolaridade e maior renda ainda são vistos como "fora de lugar" por alguns não negros, pois as construções sociais historicamente associaram os negros a um status social mais baixo. Portanto, ao se envolver em atividades e transitar por espaços diversificados, os indivíduos negros de maior escolaridade podem estar mais conscientes do tratamento discriminatório ou mais propensos a identificá-lo como tal 27 . Contudo, tal achado não foi observado na amostra analisada neste estudo em que homens e mulheres negras de posição socioeconômica alta estão menos propensos a perceber altos níveis de discriminação do que suas partes correspondentes de posição socioeconômica baixa.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

A dança dos números: aferindo experiências de discriminação em grupos multiplamente marginalizados

2018

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Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a Escala de Discriminação Explícita (EDE), buscando identificar sua capacidade em refletir experiências de discriminação interseccionais sob a perspectiva do cruzamento entre cor/raça, sexo/gênero e posição socioeconômica. Trata-se de estudo baseado em dados de uma pesquisa realizada com uma amostra representativa de estudantes (n = 1.023) da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, regularmente matriculados no primeiro semestre de 2012. A análise estatística incluiu estimação das frequências relativas de cada um dos 18 itens da EDE, bem como de suas principais motivações, estratificadas por sexo/gênero, cor/raça e posição socioeconômica. Modelos de regressão binomial negativa possibilitaram avaliar se sexo/gênero, cor/raça e posição socioeconômica constituem preditores do escore de discriminação obtido com o instrumento, mesmo após o ajuste para covariáveis que potencialmente afetam as relações de interesse. Os resultados da análise de cada um dos 18 itens do instrumento sugerem que a EDE possibilita a mensuração da discriminação dentro de um quadro interseccional, uma vez que traz à tona as experiências discriminatórias vivenciadas por subgrupos minoritários, tais como mulheres negras e de posição socioeconômica baixa. Contudo, tal tendência não foi observada no escore global do instrumento, sugerindo que ele não permite situar os respondentes num espectro de variação de discriminação, que inclui graus menos e mais intensos do fenômeno. Pesquisas futuras são necessárias a fim de enfrentar a limitação observada e, assim, dar maior visibilidade às experiências de discriminação de grupos multiplamente marginalizados.

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Differential reporting of discriminatory experiences in Brazil and the United States

Abstract: Abstract

Cited by 22 publications

References 28 publications

Racial disparities in renal function: the role of racial discrimination. The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)

Racial disparities in renal function: the role of racial discrimination. The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)

Perceived discrimination among older adults living in urban and rural areas in Brazil: a national study (ELSI-Brazil)

A dança dos números: aferindo experiências de discriminação em grupos multiplamente marginalizados

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