Desigualdade educacional na ocorrência de obesidade abdominal por gênero e cor/raça: Estudo Pró-Saúde, 1999-2001 e 2011-2012

Abstract

Resumo Análise de dados seccionais do Estudo Pró-Saúde (1999-2001 e 2011-2012) revelou importante diferença de gênero e cor/raça na magnitude e variação temporal da desigualdade educacional na obesidade abdominal. Probabilidade de estar obeso foi gradativamente maior em mulheres (independentemente de cor/raça) e homens (pardos/pretos) menos escolarizados. Tais gradientes foram quantificados pelo índice relativo de desigualdade (IRD). Ao longo da década, observou-se redução da desigualdade em mulheres pardas/pretas (ΔIRD: 0,5; IC95%: 0,2-1,1), subjacente ao relativo aumento da prevalência de obesidade abdominal entre as mais escolarizadas. Houve estabilidade do IRD em mulheres brancas e homens pardos/pretos, indicando crescimento similar da prevalência de obesidade abdominal nos subgrupos educacionais. Associação da escolaridade com a ocorrência de obesidade abdominal sofreu interação múltipla de fatores sociodemográficos. Nossos resultados encorajam a estratificação conjunta por gênero e cor/raça no estudo das desigualdades socioeconômicas na ocorrência da obesidade abdominal.

Profile of the body mass index and associated factors in active elderlies

“…Accompanied by this increase phenomenon in life expectancy and aging population, obesity epidemic arises, triggered by habits of unhealthy modern life, such as inadequate nutrition and reduced physical activity (4) . The disease is increasing among adults and it also affects the elderly population (5) .…”

Social Inequalities, Poverty and Obesity

“…Still according to PNAD [24], in this profile, there is an overrepresentation of providers by color or race-black or brown, in addition to low level of education of the reference person. Studies have shown the relationship between gender, color/race, socioeconomic position and obesity [19,[25][26][27]. This was the profile of the families interviewed in this study.…”

“…In fact, educational inequalities have been related to the occurrence of obesity in women. In general, the lower the schooling, the greater the frequency of obesity in the group [19,20]. This profile is related to lower job opportunities, lower wages and protection [21].…”

Clinical Aspects of Central Obesity at a Public Clinic

“…Apart from the relation of these factors which presumably influence the obesogenic life style, others attributes of the socioeconomic position were also considered, such as marital status and income, after all, WC has an inverse association with the socioeconomic position and, particularly in the women assessed; this association was found in Brazilian studies performed in Sao Paulo [25], Goias [26], Maceio [27], Pernambuco [28] and Bahia [29] apart from other temporal analyses in other continents which also evidence an increase in prevalence and incidence of central obesity, associated to reduced socioeconomic situations in the female population, mainly in urban contexts [20][21][22].…”

“…An example of this is the fact that white and black women, during middle-age, accumulate intra-abdominal adipose tissue in a similar manner, even when there isn't a concomitant significant change in total body fat; nevertheless, there isn't any clear understanding on racial differences in this alteration on a longitudinal level [19]. On an educational level, known to be beneficial to health and capable of producing obesogenic counter-effects through cognitive advantages resulting in healthier life styles, it has received greater attention [20][21][22].…”