Fatores associados à relação sódio/potássio urinária em participantes do ELSA-Brasil

Pereira, Taísa Sabrina Silva; Mill, José Geraldo; Cadê, Nágela Valadão; Griep, Rosane Härter; Sichieri, Rosely; Molina, Maria del Carmen Bisi

doi:10.1590/0102-311x00039718

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…[14] In the present study we observed that the highest Na/K ratio was presented in men, corroborating with other studies. [13,14]…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…When the sociodemographic factors with the highest Na/K ratio we evaluated, it was observed that men, young people and individuals with lower schooling and income, being that these characteristics showed higher Na/K ratio. [14] In the present study we observed that the highest Na/K ratio was presented in men, corroborating with other studies. [13,14]…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…[13] In the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) population, men showed higher mean values (4.1 ± 2.0) of the Na/K ratio compared to women (3.6 ± 1.7). [14] All these values well above the WHO recommendation for this variable, which is approximately 1. [11]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

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Effect of urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio change on blood pressure in participants of the longitudinal health of adults study - ELSA-Brasil

et al. 2019

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To assess the effect of changing the sodium to potassium (Na/K) ratio on blood pressure at 4 years of follow-up. The measurements were carried out under identical conditions in two study periods (2008–2010 and 2012–2014). Urinary excretion of sodium and potassium (mmol/L) over 12 nocturnal hours was used to calculate the Na/K ratio and categorized by quintile. The 24-hour sodium and potassium intake was estimated using a validated equation. The mean BP was calculated from 3 measurements after 5 minutes of rest. Of the 15,105 participants at baseline, 14,014 completed the first follow-up. Participants without validated urine collection (n = 5,041), using antihypertensive medication (n = 3,860) at either time points or reporting bariatric surgery during follow-up (n = 45) were excluded. The differences between follow-up and baseline values were calculated for BP and the Na/K ratio. Analyses were stratified by sex and adjusted for confounding variables. Sodium intake did not change from baseline, but potassium intake increased by approximately 150 mg in both sexes ( P < .001), with a consequent reduction of the Na/K ratio. The highest quintile of change in the Na/K ratio was associated with greater variation in BP. When adjusted for covariates, it is possible to observe an increase in SBP in women from the third quintile of the Na/K ratio, in men this increase was observed from the fourth quintile. However, for DBP this increase is observed from the third quintile in both men and women. Increase in SBP was observed in women from the third quintile of the Na/K ratio, in men this increase is observed from the fourth quintile. However, for DBP this increase is observed from the third quintile in both men and women. The Na/K ratio demonstrated a greater association in BP.

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“…[14] In the present study we observed that the highest Na/K ratio was presented in men, corroborating with other studies. [13,14]…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Effect of urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio change on blood pressure in participants of the longitudinal health of adults study - ELSA-Brasil

et al. 2019

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“…The findings of this study using the GBD estimates are coherent with data from national studies which verified not only the more frequent, excessive sodium consumption among males 39 - 41 , but also a lower level of awareness and control of blood pressure. This represents an important challenge for improving the quality and life expectancy of men 42 , 43 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Health impacts caused by excessive sodium consumption in Brazil: results of the GBD 2019 study

Guedes

Felisbino-Mendes

Vegi

et al. 2022

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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INTRODUCTION: Excessive sodium consumption is associated with increased blood pressure, which is an important risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This study therefore aimed to describe the burden of NCDs attributable to excessive sodium consumption among Brazilians. METHODS: This observational study used mortality and Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY) rates , and their respective uncertainty intervals (UI), from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019) . The burden was obtained by the population attributable fraction of each NCD, considering the minimum theoretical value of risk (intake of 0-3g of sodium/day); the excessive consumption proportion in the population, obtained through population inquiries; and the relative risks obtained through meta-analyses. RESULTS: Excessive sodium consumption was the third highest dietary risk contributing to deaths (30,814; 95% UI = 2,034 - 84,130) and DALYs (699,119; 95% UI= 43,130 - 1,914,066) in 2019. States from the Northeast region had the highest age-standardized rates of deaths and DALYs, and the male population was more affected by NCDs caused by excessive sodium consumption. Cardiovascular diseases were the main contributing factors in the burden attributable to excessive sodium consumption. CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of the progress in addressing NCDs related to this risk factor, the impact remains high, especially among men and in the Northeast region. More effective measures are needed to reduce sodium in industrialized products, such as health promotion actions to combat sodium consumption, in order to prevent and control NCDs in Brazil.

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“…Regarding sex, the mean values of sodium consumption were significantly higher in men (5387.4 mg/day) than in women (4423.7 mg/day). These results could be compared with those found in several Latin American countries such as Brazil [ 26 , 27 ], Uruguay [ 28 ] and Chile [ 29 ]. As in this study, the included population exceeds the recommendations, and men have higher consumption than women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intake and food sources of sodium in the population residing in urban areas of Ecuador: results from ELANS study

Villar

García

Ocampo

et al. 2023

Global Health Action

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Background In 2021, WHO notes that globally, 32% of annual deaths worldwide are due to cardiovascular causes, which have been attributed to excessive sodium intake, and therefore recommends a reduction in salt intake to less than 5 g/day. Ecuador does not have data on sodium consumption in the population. Hence, this study sought to determine the association between sodium consumption and sociodemographic variables in subjects living in urban areas of Ecuador. Objectives Determine the main dietary sources of sodium in subjects living in urban areas of the Coast and Highlands of Ecuador, and the association between sodium intake and sociodemographic variables such as: sex, region, marital status, socio-economic and educational level of this population. Methods Sodium intake was studied in 800 subjects of both sexes aged 15 to 65 years living in urban areas in Ecuador, originating from the Latin American Nutrition and Health Study (ELANS) between 2014 and 2015. Data were obtained through two 24-hour recalls, and were accessed according to sex, region, age, marital status, socio-economic and educational levels. Results The mean sodium intake was 4900 mg/day (SD ± 1188.32 mg/day), and both sexes exceeded the recommendations. Adjusting for energy intake, sodium consumption is higher in participants aged 50–65 years, from low socio-economic status and with basic education level. A positive relationship was found between sodium and energy intake. Around 48% of the sodium sources included the spices, condiments and herbs group. Within this group, salt itself constitutes 99% of sodium sources. Conclusions The Ecuadorian population consumes more than double the sodium recommendations, which vary according to gender and age. The first source of sodium is salt itself, which is part of spices and condiments food group. This data is important to formulate public health policies and interventions in Ecuador, especially in the population at risk.

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Fatores associados à relação sódio/potássio urinária em participantes do ELSA-Brasil

Cited by 3 publications

References 28 publications

Effect of urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio change on blood pressure in participants of the longitudinal health of adults study - ELSA-Brasil

Effect of urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio change on blood pressure in participants of the longitudinal health of adults study - ELSA-Brasil

Health impacts caused by excessive sodium consumption in Brazil: results of the GBD 2019 study

Intake and food sources of sodium in the population residing in urban areas of Ecuador: results from ELANS study

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