Dissociative experiences in bipolar disorder II: Are they related to childhood trauma and obsessive-compulsive symptoms?

Eryılmaz, Gül; Kesebir, Sermin; Gül, Işıl Göğcegöz; Özten, Eylem; Karamustafalıoğlu, K. Oğuz

doi:10.1590/0101-60830000000045

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…Specifically, ‘Arm rigidity’ , an item of physical dissociation, was associated with the MDQ score in BD I patients, indicating that the drive of the behavioral activation system was higher and was associated with mania in this disorder [ 58 ]. ‘Age regression’ , an item of consciousness dissociation, was associated with the MDQ score in BD II patients, consistent with the findings of pronounced childhood trauma and related dissociative symptoms, and the manic-related anxiety characteristic to this disorder [ 59 , 60 ]. ‘Mosquito hallucination’ , often a manifestation of irritability, was associated with the MDQ score in healthy volunteers, which was partly in line with that the auditory hallucinations were regularly seen in bipolar disorder patients, especially during their manic episodes [ 61 , 62 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Hypnotic susceptibility and affective states in bipolar I and II disorders

et al. 2017

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BackgroundHighly hypnotizable individuals have impaired executive function, elevated motor impulsivity and increased emotional sensitivity, which are sometimes found in bipolar disorder patients. It is then reasonable to assume that certain aspects of hypnotic susceptibility differ with the types of bipolar disorder.MethodsThe Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale: Form C (SHSS:C) test, the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ), the Hypomanic Checklist-32 (HCL-32) and the Plutchick-van Praag Depression Inventory (PVP) were applied to 62 patients with bipolar I disorder, 33 bipolar II disorder, and 120 healthy volunteers.ResultsThe passing rate of the SHSS:C ‘Moving hands apart’ item was higher in bipolar I patients than in controls, whereas for ‘Mosquito hallucination’ the rate was lower. Bipolar I and II patients scored significantly higher on MDQ, HCL-32 and PVP scales than controls. The passing rates of ‘Mosquito hallucination’ in controls, ‘Arm rigidity’ in bipolar I, and ‘Age regression’ in bipolar II predicted the respective MDQ scores.ConclusionIn contrast to cognitive suggestions, bipolar I patients followed motor suggestions more often under hypnosis. Furthermore, both bipolar disorder patients and healthy volunteers demonstrated associations between mania levels and certain hypnotic susceptibility features. Our study aids in better understanding the altered conscious states in bipolar disorders, and encourages the use of related psychotherapy for these patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Hypnotic susceptibility and affective states in bipolar I and II disorders

et al. 2017

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“…DS were comparable in BD and schizophrenia in a single study ( 43 ). However, DS scores were significantly higher in patients with BD than in their asymptomatic first-degree relatives ( 23 ) and were consistently higher in BD than in healthy controls ( 28 , 33 , 34 , 37 , 39 , 43 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Of the six studies providing estimates of clinically significant DS in BD, as indicated by symptom scores above a specified cut-off, five yielded very similar values in the range of 10–20% ( 18 , 33 , 34 , 39 , 43 ). A single study yielded a much higher estimate of 51%, but in this study, the control group also reported high levels of DS (24%), suggesting concerns related to methodology or sample selection ( 28 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…DS scores have been associated with the severity of psychotic symptoms ( 42 , 44 ); both positive and null results have been reported for associations between DS and depressive symptom severity ( 31 , 41 ). DS severity has also been associated with general symptom severity across psychopathological dimensions ( 31 ), with the severity of symptoms of social anxiety, panic disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder ( 33 , 41 ), with the presence of mixed symptoms ( 42 ), with suicide attempts ( 40 , 42 ) and with aggression ( 42 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dissociative Symptoms and Disorders in Patients With Bipolar Disorders: A Scoping Review

Rajkumar

2022

Front. Psychiatry

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Dissociative disorders are an important group of trauma-related disorders associated with significant disability. The co-occurrence of dissociative disorders (DD) and symptoms (DS) in bipolar disorder has been relatively understudied, but there is some evidence that this comorbidity may have significant mechanistic and clinical implications. This paper presents the results of a scoping review of the frequency and correlates of DS and DD in bipolar disorder. Based on the available evidence, DS/DD are more common in bipolar disorder than in healthy controls or in unipolar depression, are related to childhood trauma, and are associated with psychotic symptoms, suicide attempts, and a poorer response to treatment in patients with bipolar disorder. The implications of these findings, and possible mechanistic pathways underlying them, are discussed based on the current literature. Clinicians should be aware of the frequent occurrence of significant DS or DD when treating patients with bipolar disorder. A tentative future research agenda for this field, based on clinical, risk factor-related and neurobiological considerations, is outlined.

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“…Growing empirical evidence has indicated that dissociative experiences are pervasive within clients with SMIs; heightened dissociation is commonly reported by individuals who received diagnoses of psychosis , bipolar disorder and personality disorders . In line with evidence suggesting that dissociation is a common sequela of adverse and/or traumatic life experiences, many empirical studies have demonstrated that individuals with SMIs exposed to childhood adversity (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The relationship between childhood adversities and dissociation in severe mental illness: a meta‐analytic review

Rafiq

Campodonico

Varese

2018

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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The relationship between childhood adversities and dissociation in severe mental illness: a meta-analytic review Rafiq S, Campodonico C, Varese F. The relationship between childhood adversities and dissociation in severe mental illness: a metaanalytic review Objective: Several studies have observed that dissociative experiences are frequently reported by individuals with severe mental illness (SMI), especially amongst patients that report a history of adverse/traumatic life experiences. This review examined the magnitude and consistency of the relationship between childhood adversity (sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional abuse, neglect, bullying, natural disasters and mass violence) and dissociation across three SMI diagnostic groups: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and personality disorders. Method: A database search (EMBASE, PubMed and PsycINFO) identified 30 eligible empirical studies, comprising of 2199 clinical participants. Effect sizes representing the relationship between exposure to childhood adversity and dissociation were examined and integrated using a random-effects meta-analysis. Results: The results indicated that exposure to childhood trauma was associated with heightened dissociation across SMIs. Positive significant associations were also found between specific childhood adversities and dissociation, with aggregated effect sizes in the small-to-moderate range. Conclusion: These findings support calls for the routine assessment of traumatic experiences in clients with SMIs presenting with dissociative symptoms and the provision of adequate therapeutic support (e.g. trauma-focused therapies) to manage and resolve these difficulties. Summations• Small-to-moderate relationship between childhood trauma and dissociation across SMIs. • Medium relationship between childhood trauma and dissociation in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders.• All forms of childhood traumatic experiences (e.g. sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, physical neglect) were found to be associated with dissociation in people diagnosed with SMI. Considerations• Only three studies were found eligible for the bipolar sample (i.e. low power); therefore, no strong conclusions can be drawn regarding the association between childhood trauma and dissociative experiences in bipolar disorder.• The relationship between childhood trauma and dissociation in SMI requires further corroboration using longitudinal designs to determine causality and directionality.• No firm conclusions can be drawn regarding which specific traumatic experience is most strongly associated with dissociation, as the studies included in the analysis were not independent (i.e. effects for sexual abuse and physical abuse estimated from the same sample of participants). 509Acta Psychiatr Scand 2018: 138: 509-525

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Dissociative experiences in bipolar disorder II: Are they related to childhood trauma and obsessive-compulsive symptoms?

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

Hypnotic susceptibility and affective states in bipolar I and II disorders

Hypnotic susceptibility and affective states in bipolar I and II disorders

Dissociative Symptoms and Disorders in Patients With Bipolar Disorders: A Scoping Review

The relationship between childhood adversities and dissociation in severe mental illness: a meta‐analytic review

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