PIX: explaining a state-owned Fintech

Abstract

This paper aims to explain the Brazilian Central Bank’s (BCB) decision to create and operate a new instant payment system: PIX. Understanding that “digital financialization” can take different forms, this study sheds light on the factors that led to the BCB’s choice to launch a “state-owned Fintech”. The analysis considers three complementary factors. Firstly, the BCB’s institutional trajectory has made it protective of its perimeter of power. Secondly, the ideas shared by transnational networks support the active role of central banks in managing instant payment issues. Thirdly, the interests of traditional banks were not significantly impacted to the extent that they would oppose the creation of PIX. Through examining BCB documents and secondary literature, this study provides a first-hand account of the motivations and circumstances that led to the creation of PIX in Brazil.