A reação da elite política incumbente na abertura democrática brasileira

Abstract

The reaction of the political incumbent elites in the Brazilian democratic opening. This paper examines one of the possible channels through which incumbent elites aligned with the Brazilian dictatorship were able to withhold their political power during the democratization in the 1980s. Based on national household survey data and results from legislative elections, we first find that recently franchised illiterate voters who lived in states that were dominated by the elite party during the dictatorship had a higher probability to register to vote than those who lived in other states. We then investigate whether this positive correlation represents a reaction from the incumbent elites in order to keep their political power through voter manipulation or a reaction from these voters in order to

Colombia: Democratic but Violent?

“…In addition to lynching, U.S. Southern elites also enacted literacy tests to de facto re-disenfranchise most slaves. After democratization in the 1980s, turnout patterns in Brazil revealed the manipulation of illiterate voters by elites aligned with the former dictatorship (Bruce and Rocha, 2015). Patron-client relations, common in unequal societies, also facilitate nonviolent electoral manipulation by the elite, particularly through labor coercion (Baland andRobinson, 2008 andAnderson et al, 2015).…”