From Miami to Cartagena: nine lessons and nine challenges of the ftaa

Abstract

In Miami in December 1994 the heads of State of 34 countries of the hemisphere decided to construct a Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) by the year 2005. The initiative was backed by an ambitious Plan of Action which gained further definition in declarations of the hemisphere’s trade ministers in follow up meetings held in Denver and Cartagena. In effect, the preparatory process for the FTAA is now in gear with eleven intergovernmental working groups developing data bases, comparative studies, and recommendations for negotiations in the traditional areas of market access (tariffs and non-tariff barriers) as well as the so-called “new” issues like services, intellectual property, government procurement etc. Drawing on several objetive considerations and putting the FTAA project in perspective, the study concludes that while it is still in its initial stages of preparation for negotiations and not free of problems, the FTAA process has been successful to date and indeed describes a number of constructive lessons that can be drawn from the process concerning how to launch integration initiatives. As this process deepens and passes into the negotiation and implementation stages, serious challenges will emerge. The study identifies nine challenges that range from definition of the precise objectives of the governments regarding the basic shape of the FTAA to specification of institutional issues and the groundwork for public acceptance through the dissemination of adequate information to the public in general.

The Free Trade Area of the Americas and MERCOSUR-European Union Free Trade Processes: Can They Learn Something from Each Other?

“…Moreover, to the surprise of many it has been enormously successful to date. Substantial progress since the December 1994 Summit has been due in part to forward looking, built-in disciplines and benchmarks at the technical level and visionary leadership at the political level (Devlin and Garay [1996]). Consequently, the process has plodded along quite steadily from its Preparatory Stage to the current phase of active and intense negotiations.…”