Evaluation of soapberry (Sapindus saponaria L.) leaf extract against papaya anthracnose

Abstract

Chemical fungicides provide the primary means to control fungal infection in fruits and vegetables in the postharvest. Exploitation of natural products to control decay and prolong the storage life of perishables has received more attention. In this study, hydroethanolic extracts from the leaves of soapberry (Sapindus saponaria L.) were investigated for their inhibitory activity against the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, the causal agent of anthracnose in papaya fruits. To evaluate the antifungal activity of the plant extract, the latter was incorporated into potato-dextrose-agar (PDA) medium at different concentrations (10, 50 and 100 mg mL-1), and mycelial growth inhibition, spore production inhibition and morphological changes were evaluated at room temperature after 7 days. Efficacy of the extract was noted when it was used at 50 mg mL-1 and 100 mg mL-1, resulting in a reduction in the mycelial growth (P< 0.05). At 50 mg mL-1, the extract causes morphological changes by reducing the size of hyphae, which become shorter and more branched. At 100 mg mL-1 extract, damages in the hyphal structure were more severe, causing mycelial rupture. In vivo treatment with 100 mg mL-1 extract prevented the development of anthracnose symptoms in fresh papaya fruits. Soapberry leaf extract has strong inhibitory activity against C. gloeosporioides, preventing the mycelial growth and reducing the appearance of anthracnose symptoms. Taken together, these results demonstrated the potential of this extract as a natural fungicide, constituting an alternative measure for disease control in papaya fruits.

Evaluation of the antifungal activity of Rumex vesicarius L. and Ziziphus spina-christi (L) Desf. Aqueous extracts and assessment of the morphological changes induced to certain myco-phytopathogens

“…In another study, SEM showed the hydroethanolic extracts from the leaves Sapindus saponaria L. caused morphological changes to the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides by reducing the size of hyphae at the concentration of 50 mg/ml, while at 100 mg/ml damages in the hyphal structure were more severe and induced mycelial rupture ( Marinho et al, 2018 ). In a recent study, SEM of Candida albicans shows the effect of the 150 µl/ml of Ziziphus sp.…”

EFEITO DA TEMPERATURA E EXTRATOS DE PLANTAS NO CONTROLE DA ANTRACNOSE DO FRUTO DA BANANEIRA (Musa sp.) CAUSADA POR Colletotrichum musae

“…Efeito dos extratos vegetais sobre o crescimento micelial de C. musae (OLIVEIRA et al 2018). Marinho et al (2018), analisando a atividade inibitória do extrato vegetal de Sapindus saponaria L. no controle do fungo Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, agente causador da antracnose em frutos de mamoeiro, constataram também que houve redução do crescimento micelial do fitopatógeno.…”

Inhibición de Colletotrichum gloeosporioides y Botrytis cinerea con extractos de Guazuma ulmifolia Lam

“…El extracto de metanol de Piscidia piscipula aplicado a 2 mg mL -1 y 5 días ocasionó 52.3% ICM sobre C. gloeosporioides (Peraza-Sanchez et al, 2005), resultado mejor que el nuestro. También, los extractos crudos hidroalcohólicos de la hoja del jaboncillo (Sapindus saponaria), en 7 días de tratamiento inhibieron 70% el crecimiento micelial de C. gloeosporioides al aplicarlo a 50 mg mL -1 y 80% al aplicarlo a 100 mg mL -1 , mientras que concentraciones menores de 50 mg mL -1 no tuvieron efecto (Passos Marinho et al, 2018). Extractos alcohólicos de las hojas de las vides silvestres (Vitis) aplicados a 12% de concentración ocasionaron 70% ICM de B. cinerea (Apolonio-Rodríguez et al, 2017), menor que nuestros resultados.…”