The Skeptical Cartesian Background of Hume's "Of the Academical or Sceptical Philosophy" (First Inquiry, Section 12)

Neto, José R. Maia

doi:10.1590/0100-512x2015n13204jrmn

Kriterion

2015

DOI: 10.1590/0100-512x2015n13204jrmn

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The Skeptical Cartesian Background of Hume's "Of the Academical or Sceptical Philosophy" (First Inquiry, Section 12)

José R. Maia Neto

Abstract: RESUMO Na seção XII da Primeira Investigação, Hume refere-se a duas escolas céticas antigas (academia e pirronismo) ao apresentar

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Cited by 2 publications

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“…Almost traditionally in these studies their ideas, approaches, treatises and life positions are compared with each other on a number of issues that are present in their works: questions about the principles of justifiable discourse [Neto 2015], relation to God and metaphysics [Jones 1998: 167-188], ethical issues and factors of human behavior [Ousseynou 1997: 521-530], their attitude towards science [Григорьева 2008: 288-291]. In some works of contemporary philosophers the questions of philosophical anthropology are also represented [Стрельцова 1994: 175-246], but special studies devoted to a detailed comparison of their ideas in this field, written in the context of the most acute problems of modern philosophical anthropology, are unknown to us.…”

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Descartes' and Pascal's Anthropological Alternative in the Perspectives of Post-humanity

Петрушенко¹,

Петрушенко²

2017

Gumanit.vizii

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Національний університет "Львівська політехніка" Оксана ПетрушенкоЛьвівський медичний інститут (Стаття надійшла до редколегії -10.10.2017 р., прийнята до друку -10.11.2017 р.) © Петрушенко В., Петрушенко О., 2017 Проаналізовано філософсько-антропологічні позиції Декарта та Паскаля у контексті гострих проблем сучасної філософської антропології. Автори висловлюють переконання в тому, що їхні ідеї дають змогу краще зрозуміти сутність сучасної антропологічної кризи та осмислити можливі способи протистояння сучасним тенденціям перетворення людини на постлюдину. Використано методи компаративістики та історико-філософської аналітики. Перспективи подальшого дослідження теми пов'язані з поглибленим вивченням зав'язків людського організму з духовними явищами і процесами.Ключові слова: людина-машина, онтологічний статус людини, мислення, постлюдина. DESCARTES' AND PASCAL'S ANTROPOLOGICAL ALTERNATIVE IN THE PERSPECTIVES OF POST-HUMANITY Viktor Petrushenko, Oksana PetrushenkoThe authors analyze two influential philosophical and anthropological positions presented by Descartes and Pascal in the context of the acute problems of contemporary philosophical anthropology. In the article the authors argue that the existence of fundamental differences in the anthropological ideas of the two founders of the modern philosophy and express the belief that these ideas lead to the better understanding the essence of the contemporary anthropological crisis and the possible ways of comprehending of modern trends in the transformation of a human being into a post human being. Descartes' mechanism and reductionism appear as one of the grounds for justifying the influence over a human being through the modifications of his or her body, therefore, his position is connected with the ideas of a post-humanity and can be considered as an element of the basic ideology for these ideas.Pascal, on the contrary, demonstrates that a human being is a complex being, inscribed in the cosmic whole and in connection with the transcendent; therefore, his ideas resist reduction and contradict tendencies of the movement of modern mankind to the pose-humanity. According to the authors, ideological shifts in modern anthropology in the direction of increasing the role of nature in a human being require increased attention to the study of the sources of a human person and a human self. In this context, attention to the philosophical and anthropological ideas of Pascal presents as an important condition for understanding the contemporary anthropological crisis and finding ways to overcome it.The authors use methods of comparative studies, phenomenology, historical and philosophical analysis. Prospects for further study of the topic are related to in-depth study and understanding of the human organism's ties with spiritual phenomena and processes.

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confidence: 99%

Descartes' and Pascal's Anthropological Alternative in the Perspectives of Post-humanity

Петрушенко¹,

Петрушенко²

2017

Gumanit.vizii

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Hume’s Mitigated Skepticism With Regard to the Systems of Reality

Campelo

2022

Kriterion

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In this paper, I argue that Hume’s commitment to mind-independent objects is based on two types of realism or system of realities: (a) a naïve realism based on an unjustified vulgar belief which identifies perceptions and objects, and (b) a representational realism or philosophical system of double-existence. Firstly, I emphasize that the philosophical question “Whether there be body or not” cannot be considered a full case of unmitigated skepticism, because Hume accepts a mitigated skepticism compatible with both vulgar and representational realism. Furthermore, I argue that, while the vulgar belief in bodies is based on an unjustified assent, the double-existence theory is based on both an unjustified assent and a rationally justified assent (that corrects the former). Considering all these points, I conclude that Hume’s mitigated skepticism allows and requires a belief in or supposition of continued and distinct existences, and that this must, as a practical matter, take vulgar and philosophical forms at different times.

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The Skeptical Cartesian Background of Hume's "Of the Academical or Sceptical Philosophy" (First Inquiry, Section 12)

Abstract: RESUMO Na seção XII da Primeira Investigação, Hume refere-se a duas escolas céticas antigas (academia e pirronismo) ao apresentar

Cited by 2 publications

References 9 publications

Descartes' and Pascal's Anthropological Alternative in the Perspectives of Post-humanity

Descartes' and Pascal's Anthropological Alternative in the Perspectives of Post-humanity

Hume’s Mitigated Skepticism With Regard to the Systems of Reality

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