Appearance of COVID-19 pneumonia on 1.5 T TrueFISP MRI

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the performance of 1.5 T true fast imaging with steady state precession (TrueFISP) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences for the detection and characterization of pulmonary abnormalities caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Materials and Methods: In this retrospective single-center study, computed tomography (CT) and MRI scans of 20 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were evaluated with regard to the distribution, opacity, and appearance of pulmonary lesions, as well as bronchial changes, pleural effusion, and thoracic lymphadenopathy. McNemar’s test was used in order to compare the COVID-19-associated alterations seen on CT with those seen on MRI. Results: Ground-glass opacities were better visualized on CT than on MRI (p = 0.031). We found no statistically significant differences between CT and MRI regarding the visualization/characterization of the following: consolidations; interlobular/intralobular septal thickening; the distribution or appearance of pulmonary abnormalities; bronchial pathologies; pleural effusion; and thoracic lymphadenopathy. Conclusion: Pulmonary abnormalities caused by COVID-19 pneumonia can be detected on TrueFISP MRI sequences and correspond to the patterns known from CT. Especially during the current pandemic, the portions of the lungs imaged on cardiac or abdominal MRI should be carefully evaluated to promote the identification and isolation of unexpected cases of COVID-19, thereby curbing further spread of the disease.

Augmentation of literature review of COVID-19 radiology

“…This is particularly important in patients requiring avoidance of exposure to ionizing radiation, e.g., in children and during pregnancy where pulmonary MRI may be preferred over pulmonary CT[ 33 ]. Pulmonary abnormalities caused by COVID-19 pneumonia can be detected on True FISP MRI sequences and correspond to the patterns known from CT. Spiro et al [ 34 ] made a useful suggestion for the current pandemic: Following MRI of the abdomen or heart, there should be careful evaluation of the visualized parts of the lungs for COVID-19 findings. This would enable the identification and isolation of undetected cases of COVID-19.…”