Grapevine Virus Diseases:economic Impact and Current Advances in Viral Prospection and Management

Abstract

ABSTRACT-Grapevine (Vitis spp.) is a major vegetative propagated fruit crop with high socioeconomic importance worldwide. It is susceptible to several graft-transmitted agents that cause several diseases and substantial crop losses, reducing fruit quality and plant vigor, and shorten the longevity of vines. The vegetative propagation and frequent exchanges of propagative material among countries contribute to spread these pathogens, favoring the emergence of complex diseases. Its perennial life cycle further accelerates the mixing and introduction of several viral agents into a single plant. currently, approximately 65 viruses belonging to different families have been reported infecting grapevines, but not all cause economically relevant diseases. The grapevine leafroll, rugose wood complex, leaf degeneration and fleck diseases are the four main disorders having worldwide economic importance. In addition, new viral species and strains have been identified and associated with economically important constraints to grape production. In Brazilian vineyards, eighteen viruses, three viroids and two virus-like diseases had already their occurrence reported and were molecularly characterized. Here, we review the current knowledge of these viruses, report advances in their diagnosis and prospection of new species, and give indications about the management of the associated grapevine diseases. Index terms: Vegetative propagation, plant viruses, crop losses, berry quality, next-generation sequencing. VIROSES EM VIDEIRAS: IMPACTO ECONÔMICO E RECENTES AVANÇOS NA PROSPECÇÃO DE VÍRUS E MANEJO DAS DOENÇAS DE ORIGEM VIRALRESUMO-a videira (Vitis spp.) é propagada vegetativamente e considerada uma das principais culturas frutíferas por sua importância socioeconômica mundial. ela é suscetível a vários agentes transmitidos por meio da enxertia, os quais causam diversas doenças e significativas perdas na produtividade e produção, redução na qualidade dos frutos, no vigor da planta e na longevidade dos vinhedos. A propagação vegetativa e o frequente intercâmbio de material propagativo entre países contribuem para a disseminação destes patógenos, favorecendo a emergência de doenças complexas. Seu ciclo de vida perene acelera ainda mais a mistura e a introdução de vários agentes virais em uma mesma planta. Atualmente, aproximadamente 65 vírus pertencentes a diferentes famílias foram reportados infectando videiras, embora nem todos causem doenças economicamente relevantes. as viroses do enrolamento da folha, complexo do lenho rugoso, degenerescência e mancha-das-nervuras da videira são as quatro principais desordens que têm importância econômica mundial. Além disso, novas espécies e estirpes virais foram identificadas e associadas a limitações economicamente importantes para a produção de uvas. Em vinhedos brasileiros, dezoito espécies virais, três viroides e duas doenças semelhantes a viroses já tiveram sua ocorrência reportada e foram molecularmente caracterizados. aqui, nós revisamos o conhecimento atual dessas viroses, os recentes av...

First report of Grapevine Pinot gris virus infecting grapevine in Brazil

“…A lower incidence would have meant that, in fact, GPGV is a controlled pathogen, under regulation in imported cuttings. As already addressed (Eichmeier et al 2016b), grapevine clones affected with viruses recognized as detrimental have been removed during many years of sanitary selections during the production process of grapevine propagation material (Basso et al 2017). As a matter of fact, it seems that GPGV is one of the prevalent viruses infecting grapevine worldwide, widely distributed in many grapegrowing areas of the world, being even considered as an emergent virus (Bertazzon et al 2016a).…”

Nanobody‐mediated resistance to Grapevine fanleaf virus in plants

“…This conclusion applies not only to the model plant N. benthamiana but also to the economically relevant crop grapevine for which GFLV is a very serious pest. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first report of Nb‐mediated resistance in transgenic plants and perhaps more importantly, the first compelling evidence of resistance to GFLV in Vitis (Basso et al ., ).…”

“…With well over 60 different viruses identified, grapevine (Vitis spp) is the crop with the highest number of infecting viruses (Martelli, 2014). Although the pathogenicity of all these viruses has not been established, a number of them are considered as severe grapevine pathogens such as the emerging Red blotch virus or Grapevine pinot gris virus or the well-described viruses responsible for rugose wood, leafroll and fanleaf degenerative diseases (Basso et al, 2017;Maliogka et al, 2015). The latter is often considered to be the most detrimental and widespread grapevine viral disease as it affects vineyards worldwide, in particular those of high-added value in which grapevine has been cultivated for centuries (Basso et al, 2017).…”

“…Although the pathogenicity of all these viruses has not been established, a number of them are considered as severe grapevine pathogens such as the emerging Red blotch virus or Grapevine pinot gris virus or the well-described viruses responsible for rugose wood, leafroll and fanleaf degenerative diseases (Basso et al, 2017;Maliogka et al, 2015). The latter is often considered to be the most detrimental and widespread grapevine viral disease as it affects vineyards worldwide, in particular those of high-added value in which grapevine has been cultivated for centuries (Basso et al, 2017). Fanleaf degenerative disease is characterized by a range of symptoms that include yellow mottling and distortion of the leaves that can resemble a fan, malformed canes with exceedingly short internodes, smaller than normal clusters and overall stunted vines of reduced vigour (Schmitt-Keichinger et al, 2016).…”

First report of Hop stunt viroid infecting Vitis gigas, V. flexuosa and Ampelopsis heterophylla

“…Among graft-transmissible grapevine pathogens, viruses and viroids can reduce plant vigor, yield, productivity and fruit quality. Losses are especially significant in mixed infections (Basso et al 2017). Viroids are naked, non-protein-coding, small (246-401 nt) covalently closed, circular singlestranded RNAs that adopt a compact folding due to their high self-complementarity.…”