TWIG BLIGHT AND DEFOLIATION CAUSED BY Colletotrichum horii IN PERSIMMONS IN BRAZIL

Abstract

-Persimmon anthracnose has been a great concern to Brazilian producers. this study aimed to identify and characterized the causal species from Brazilian persimmons by assessing morphological and molecular characteristics and pathogenicity tests. Five fungal isolates obtained from diseased twigs and fruits were identified as Colletotrichum horii, based on morphological characteristics and nucleotide sequences of itS region. inoculation tests revealed that the fungal isolates caused necrotic spots followed by defoliation of leaves, blight of twigs and buds of potted persimmon plants. Index terms: anthracnose, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Diospyros, Koch's postulate. QUEIMA DOS RAMOS E DESFOLHA CAUSADA POR Colletotrichum horii EM CAQUIZEIRO NO BRASILRESUMO-antracnose do caqui tem sido uma grande preocupação para os produtores brasileiros. o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e caracterizar as espécies causadoras de antracnose avaliando as características morfológicas, moleculares e testes de patogenicidade. cinco isolados, obtidos a partir de ramos e frutas doentes, foram identificados como Colletotrichum horii com base nas características morfológicas e sequências de nucleotídeos da região ITS. Inoculações revelaram que os isolados causaram manchas necróticas seguido de desfolha, queima de ramos e gemas em plantas de caqui cultivadas em vaso.

Morphological characterization and molecular identification of Colletotrichum species associated to sweet persimmon anthracnose in Southern Brazil

“…Kyoto) showed that all the species were able to infect fruits (Figure 3), and C. horii isolates cause larger lesions than the other species, indicating that the aggressiveness to persimmon varied among species, and can be responsible for the high prevalence of C. horii in anthracnose symptomatic fruits. Moreover, the six isolates of C. horii evaluated developed larger necrotic spots on persimmon leaves, reinforcing the high pathogenicity and host-specificity of C. horii on persimmon (XIE et al, 2010;MAY DE MIO et al, 2015). Moreover, just one of the two isolates of C. fructicola, and none of the isolates of C. aenigma, C. asianum, and C. nymphaeae developed necrotic regions on persimmon leaves.…”

“…As can be observed in figure 1, 97% of the isolates were included in the Gloeosporioides clade. Among these, 85.3% (29/34) China, Korea, Japan, and Brazil (WEIR & JOHNSTON, 2010;YU et al, 2013;KWON et al, 2013;MAY DE MIO et al, 2015;HASSAN et al, 2018;JEON et al, 2017;ASANO & HIRAYAMA, 2019;CARRARO et al, 2019). Colletotrichum horii is highly host-specific (WEIS et al, 2012) which explains its high prevalence even in a region where crops such as apple and grapes, committed by C. fructicola and C. viniferum, are grown side by side with persimmon.…”

“…Based on molecular data and phylogenetic analysis, WEIR & JOHNSTON (2010) reclassified this pathogen as Colletotrichum horii, one of the species of the Gloeosporioides complex. Since this report, C. horii has been confirmed as the most prevalent species associated with anthracnose in leaves, twigs and, fruit in Japan, China, Southeast Brazil, and Korea (YU et al, 2013;KWON et al, 2013;MAY DE MIO et al, 2015;HASSAN et al, 2018;JEON et al, 2017;ASANO & HIRAYAMA, 2019;CARRARO et al, 2019). However, other Colletotrichum species have been reported causing anthracnose in persimmon leaves, twigs or, fruits, like C. acutatum in the USA (WILLIAMSON & SUTTON, 2010), C. gloeosporioides in Spain (PALOU et al, 2013), C. karstii in China (WANG et al, 2016), C. kakivorum in Korea (LEE & JUNG, 2018), C. fructicola, C. nymphaeae, C. meloni in Paraná, Brazil (CARRARO et al, 2019.…”

“…The most prominent persimmon cultivars in Southern Brazil are Fuyu, Giombo, and Kyoto (FIORAVANÇO & PAIVA, 2007). Although, growing at rates that reach 10% per year in Southern Brazil, Andrioli et al persimmon culture faces a significant problem of increasing anthracnose damage in fruits leaves and branches, caused by Colletotrichum species, which are responsible for important losses in highly infected fields (MAY DE MIO et al, 2015;CARRARO et al, 2019).…”

Etiology and epidemiology of diseases caused by Colletotrichum spp. in persimmon, apple, peach, and grapevine

“…Since the new phylogene� c reclassifi ca� on, this species is part of the C. gloeosporioides complex (Weir et al 2012). The species C. horii is the main causal agent of persimmon anthracnose (Weir & Johnston 2010;Xie et al 2010;May De Mio et al 2015), but there are already reports of other species causing this disease (Table 1).…”