Mansonelliasis, a neglected parasitic disease in Haiti

Raccurt, C. P.; Brasseur, Philippe; Boncy, Jacques

doi:10.1590/0074-0276140107

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…55 In Haiti, where C. furens larvae breed in both brackish and freshwater while C. barbosai breeds exclusively in mangrove salty marshes, all major foci are located in coastal areas. 56 Transmission levels appear to have increased in recent years in known Thick-smear microscopy and membrane filtration combined. indigenous) from the upper Negro river, with 2-8 lesions per eye.…”

Section: A Patchy Geographic Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10,44,48,49,53,56,60,[65][66][67] There is also evidence that average microfilaria counts, among microscopy-positive subjects, increase with age, 48,68 consistent with increased exposure in adults leading to frequent superinfection in the absence of effective acquired immunity. Adult males are more often affected than females, 18,44,48,52 with greater average microfilaremias in males, 48 suggesting that the risk of infection may be associated with occupation-related exposure (e.g.…”

Section: 6781mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mansonella ozzardi: a neglected New World filarial nematode

Lima

Aybar

Juri

et al. 2016

Pathogens and Global Health

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Mansonella ozzardi (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) is an understudied filarial nematode, originally described by Patrick Manson in 1897, that can be transmitted by two families of dipteran vectors, biting midges (most of them members of the genus Culicoides) and black flies (genus Simulium). With a patchy geographic distribution from southern Mexico to northwestern Argentina, human infection with M. ozzardi is highly prevalent in some of the Caribbean islands, along riverine communities in the Amazon Basin, and on both sides of the border between Bolivia and Argentina. There is no clinical entity unequivocally associated with M. ozzardi infection, although fever, arthralgia, headache, cold lower extremities, and itchy cutaneous rashes are occasionally mentioned in case report series. More recently, ocular manifestations (especially keratitis) have been associated with mansonelliasis, opening an important area of investigation. Here, we briefly review the biology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical aspects of M. ozzardi infection and point to some existing knowledge gaps, aiming to stimulate a research agenda to help filling them. IntroductionMansonella ozzardi (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) is one of the several filarial nematodes that infect humans. This relatively unknown parasite has a patchy geographic distribution across Latin America and the Caribbean, from southern Mexico to northwestern Argentina. Most infected people, regardless of the parasite density, are asymptomatic or have few symptoms. As a consequence, infections with M. ozzardi usually remain undiagnosed and untreated. Ill-defined and unspecific symptoms such as fever, arthralgia, headache, cold lower extremities, and itchy cutaneous rashes are occasionally reported by patients, but whether they are caused by M. ozzardi infection remains to be determined. Nevertheless, ocular manifestations potentially associated with mansonelliasis, especially keratitis, have attracted substantial interest from ophthalmologists in recent years. Here, we summarize key biological, epidemiological, and clinical aspects of M. ozzardi infection. We explore recent developments in pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, and chemotherapy and discuss the potential public health impact of this highly prevalent but largely neglected New World parasite. Biological featuresThree filarial nematodes of the genus Mansonella are known to cause human mansonelliasis: Mansonella streptocerca, which is endemic to Africa; Mansonella perstans, which is commonly found in Africa but also occurs in South America; and M. ozzardi, which is found exclusively in the Americas and the Caribbean islands.1 Only humans appear to be naturally infected with M. ozzardi; African patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas), but not chimpanzees, rhesus, capuchin, or squirrel monkeys, are susceptible to experimental infection with this nematode. 4 Several decades later, Orihel and Eberhard described the elusive adult male and female worms recovered from experimentally infected patas monkeys. 2Natural infection with M. ...

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Section: A Patchy Geographic Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 6781mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mansonella ozzardi: a neglected New World filarial nematode

Lima

Aybar

Juri

et al. 2016

Pathogens and Global Health

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“…This situation is also explained by the fact that the economic situation in Haiti is very precarious and has not improved significantly over the last 50 years, especially in peripheral regions where poverty and illiteracy remain at very high levels. As already mentioned Raccurt et al [74], it would be useful to place this neglected disease on the agenda to the Ministry of Public Health, and to provide ivermectin to the health facilities to treat the inhabitants, fishermen or cultivators, carriers of microfilariae and who complain of chronic symptoms such as fever, headache, pruritus. Surveillance campaigns for M. ozzardi among exposed populations should also be carried out to better control this endemic disease.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Haiti, M. ozzardi was reported for the first time by the Rockefeller mission in 1920 [72] and then in an article on lymphatic filariasis in Puerto Rico [61]. Haiti has important foci in coastal areas colonized by the mangroves [3,73], a situation that persists until today [74,75]. A review of cases of carriers of microfilariae -detected between November 1964 and June 1965 (144 blood smears) and February 1969 to February 1976 (280 blood smears) by the Service National d'Éradication de la Malaria (SNEM) and the medical laboratory of the hospital "Le Bon Samaritain", in Limbé, in the North of Haiti, from July 1969 to February 1976 (83 blood smears) -has been carried out by Ripert et al [76].…”

Section: In the Caribbeanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Mansonella ozzardi and its Vectors in the Neotropical Region with Emphasis on the Current Situation in Haiti

Raccurt¹

2017

J Bacteriol Parasitol

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Mansonella ozzardi (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) is an understudied filarial nematode. This human parasite transmitted by two families of dipteran vectors, biting midges (most of them members of the genus Culicoides) and black flies (genus Simulium), is endemic to the Neotropic regions of the New World. With a patchy geographic distribution from southern Mexico to northwestern Argentina, human infection with M. ozzardi is highly prevalent in some of the Caribbean islands, along riverine communities in the Amazon Basin, and on both sides of the border between Bolivia and Argentina. Studies conducted in Haiti between 1974 and 1984 allowed the first complete description of adult worm and permitted to clarify the taxonomic position of this filarial species. In this paper, the author reports the known geographic distribution of M. ozzardi in neotropical regions of America and Caribbean, and focuses on the current situation in Haiti where this filariasis remains a completely neglected public health problem.

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“…In Haiti, M. ozzardi was reported for the first time by the Rockefeller mission in 1920 (Raccurt, 1999) and then in an article on lymphatic filariasis in Puerto Rico (Hoffman et al ., 1932). In Haiti, foci have been reported in coastal areas populated by mangroves (Ripert et al , 1977; Raccurt et al ., 1980; Raccurt, 1984), a situation that persists until today (Raccurt et al ., 2014a, b). A revision of blood smears collected in all parts of the country by the Service National d’Éradication de la Malaria (SNEM), and in the north of Haiti by the hospital ‘Le Bon Samaritain’ in Limbé, has been conducted (Ripert et al ., 1977).…”

Section: Geographical Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mansonella ozzardiand its vectors in the New World: an update with emphasis on the current situation in Haiti

Raccurt

2017

J. Helminthol.

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Mansonella ozzardi (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) is a little studied filarial nematode. This human parasite, transmitted by two families of dipteran vectors, biting midges (most of them members of the genus Culicoides) and blackflies (genus Simulium), is endemic to the Neotropical regions of the New World. With a patchy geographical distribution from southern Mexico to north-western Argentina, human infection with M. ozzardi is highly prevalent in some of the Caribbean islands, along riverine communities in the Amazon Basin, and on both sides of the border between Bolivia and Argentina. Studies conducted in Haiti between 1974 and 1984 allowed the first complete description of the adult worm and permitted clarification of the taxonomic position of this filarial species. This paper reports the known geographical distribution of M. ozzardi in Neotropical regions of the Americas, and focuses on the current situation in Haiti where this filariasis remains a completely neglected public health problem.

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Mansonelliasis, a neglected parasitic disease in Haiti

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

Mansonella ozzardi: a neglected New World filarial nematode

Mansonella ozzardi: a neglected New World filarial nematode

Review of Mansonella ozzardi and its Vectors in the Neotropical Region with Emphasis on the Current Situation in Haiti

Mansonella ozzardiand its vectors in the New World: an update with emphasis on the current situation in Haiti

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