Serologic survey of West Nile virus in horses from Central-West, Northeast and Southeast Brazil

Silva, Jaqueline Raymondi; Medeiros, Larissa Campos de; Reis, Vinícius Pinho dos; Chávez, Juliana Helena; Munhoz, Thiago Demarchi; Borges, Gustavo Puia; Soares, Otávio Augusto Brioschi; Campos, Carlos Henrique Coelho de; Machado, Rosângela Zacarias; Baldani, Cristiane Divan; Silva, Maria Luana Cristiny Rodrigues; Faria, João Bosco; Silva, Edson Elias da; Figueiredo, Luíz Tadeu Moraes

doi:10.1590/0074-0276130052

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In Brazil, there was a recent report of WNV isolation from a horse’s brain with neurological symptoms [46] in the Espírito Santo state, southeastern Brazil. An infection rate of 33.9% for SLEV, WNV and ROCV was detected with the rDIII antigen ELISA in 753 horses from three geographic regions of Brazil (southeast, northeast and central) [42,47], a similar result to the 35.2% observed in Roraima. Nevertheless, monotypic reactions to WNV were confirmed by the PRNT in only 11.4% (n = 9/79) of the animals whereas in Roraima, it was almost four-fold higher (43%; n = 6/14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Serological evidence of arboviruses and coccidia infecting horses in the Amazonian region of Brazil

et al. 2019

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BackgroundArboviruses and protozoans can cause neurologic disorders in horses. In Brazilian Amazon, several horses presenting signs compatible with disorders caused by these infectious agents have been observed.ObjectiveTo contribute to the knowledge of this epidemiological picture, we sought to construct a serological diagnostic panel for neurotrophic infectious agents in local horses.Material and methodsA total of 213 blood samples from horses were collected from 29 farms in three municipalities. Samples were evaluated and considered positive when they met the following criteria: titers ≥ 1:80 with the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) for apicomplexan protozoans; positive recombinant enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with subsequent titers ≥ 1:10 by the PRNt for viruses; and detection under direct microscopic examination for Trypanosoma evansi.ResultsNo horses were found to be infected by T. evansi, and only two were infected Toxoplasma gondii and/or Neospora spp. The highest protozoan infection rate was observed for Sarcocystis neurona (40.3%; n = 86/213). Among the positive ELISA samples tested by the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT90), 92% (n = 76/83) were positive for St Louis Encephalitis virus, 43% (n = 6/14) were positive for West Nile virus and 33% (n = 16/48) were positive for Mayaro virus. Eighteen percent (n = 39/213) of horses were co-infected by S. neurona and at least one arbovirus, particularly SLEV and/or MAYV.ConclusionSamples positive for SLEV associated with S. neurona, including samples from horses that had recovered from neurological signs were frequent, and must be considered when investigating the possible causes of neurological diseases in South Roraima horses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Serological evidence of arboviruses and coccidia infecting horses in the Amazonian region of Brazil

et al. 2019

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“…Further studies performed with specimens from the Pantanal region, where WNV cocirculates with multiple other flaviviruses, have found WNV seropositivity confirmed by PRNT in horse and chicken samples collected in 2009 and later [ 310 – 312 ]. WNV seropositivity was also reported in an equine sample collected in 2009 in Paraiba state in northeastern Brazil [ 313 ]. However, WNV has not yet been associated with human or equine illness in Brazil [ 314 ].…”

Section: Wnv In South Americamentioning

confidence: 89%

The Global Ecology and Epidemiology of West Nile Virus

Chancey

Grinev

Volkova

et al. 2015

BioMed Research International

406

355

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Since its initial isolation in Uganda in 1937 through the present, West Nile virus (WNV) has become an important cause of human and animal disease worldwide. WNV, an enveloped virus of the genus Flavivirus, is naturally maintained in an enzootic cycle between birds and mosquitoes, with occasional epizootic spillover causing disease in humans and horses. The mosquito vectors for WNV are widely distributed worldwide, and the known geographic range of WNV transmission and disease has continued to increase over the past 77 years. While most human infections with WNV are asymptomatic, severe neurological disease may develop resulting in long-term sequelae or death. Surveillance and preventive measures are an ongoing need to reduce the public health impact of WNV in areas with the potential for transmission.

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“…After the detection of the virus in the Americas, many efforts have been made to detect the possible circulation of the virus in Brazil. Thus, neutralising antibodies were first detected in equines and chickens in Pantanal region in 2009 and 2010; 10 , 11 and later in equines in the Northeast region and again in the Pantanal 12 . In 2015, the country reported the first human case of WNV encephalitis with flaccid paralysis in Piauí state in which all CDC confirmation criteria for WNF were filled including the detection of neutralising antibodies against the virus 13 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the years, some studies reported serological evidence of WNV in Brazil from different hosts and regions indicating the circulation of the virus, 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 but the virus had never been isolated in the country. We describe the first isolation of WNV in Brazil, obtained from a horse with encephalitis in Espírito Santo state.…”

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confidence: 99%

First isolation of West Nile virus in Brazil

Martins

Silva

Casseb

et al. 2019

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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BACKGROUNDSerological evidence of West Nile virus (WNV) infection has been reported in different regions of Brazil from equine and human hosts but the virus had never been isolated in the country.OBJECTIVES We sought to identify the viral etiology of equine encephalitis in Espírito Santo state.METHODS We performed viral culture in C6/36 cells, molecular detection of WNV genome, histopathology and immunohistochemistry from horse cerebral tissue. We also carried out sequencing, phylogenetic analysis and molecular clock.FINDINGS Histopathologic analysis from horse cerebral tissue showed injury related to encephalitis and WNV infection was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The virus was detected by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) from brain tissue and subsequently isolated in C6/36 cells. WNV full-length genome was sequenced showing the isolated strain belongs to lineage 1a. The molecular clock indicated that Brazilian WNV strain share the same common ancestor that were circulating in US during 2002-2005.MAIN CONCLUSIONS Here we report the first isolation of WNV in Brazil from a horse with neurologic disease, which was clustered into lineage 1a with others US WNV strains isolated in beginning of 2000’s decade.

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Serologic survey of West Nile virus in horses from Central-West, Northeast and Southeast Brazil

Cited by 23 publications

References 8 publications

Serological evidence of arboviruses and coccidia infecting horses in the Amazonian region of Brazil

Serological evidence of arboviruses and coccidia infecting horses in the Amazonian region of Brazil

The Global Ecology and Epidemiology of West Nile Virus

First isolation of West Nile virus in Brazil

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