Malaria entomological risk factors in relation to land cover in the Lower Caura River Basin, Venezuela

Rubio-Palis, Yasmín; Bevilacqua, Mariapía; Medina, Domingo; Moreno, José A.; Cárdenas, Lya; Sánchez, Víctor Manuel Muñoz; Estrada, Yarys; Anaya, William; Martínez, Ángela

doi:10.1590/0074-0276108022013015

Cited by 36 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Nyssorhynchus darlingi is adaptable and flexible in its behavior: exophagic and endophagic; anthropophilic and opportunistic; though generally exophilic [28,71,97,114]. The standard entomological indices range widely across its distribution [71,80,96,97,103,114]. One frequently recognized characteristic of Ny.…”

Section: Nyssorhynchus Darlingimentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria Transmission in South America—Present Status and Prospects for Elimination

Conn¹,

Grillet²,

Correa³

et al. 2018

Towards Malaria Elimination - A Leap Forward

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Four countries (Brazil, Colombia, Peru, and Venezuela) together contributed ~80% of the 875,000 malaria cases reported in the Latin American region (2016). During the 10-year period (2005-2015) when global malaria incidence was dramatically reduced, Brazil and Colombia were an integral part of this trend, on track to meet the mid-term 2020 goal established by the World Health Organization. In Colombia, since 2015 at the cessation of a five-year globally funded malaria program, both incidence and proportion of Plasmodium falciparum infections have increased, mainly due to the budget constraints. Similarly, despite a strong record and major recognition for reducing malaria, in 2017, Brazil has seen a resurgence of malaria cases, but no increase in the proportion of Plasmodium falciparum to P. vivax. A globally funded malaria control program in Peru from 2005 to 2010 resulted in appreciable reduction in the annual parasitic incidence down to 1/1000 by 2011-2012, but soon after, the annual malaria incidence began to rise and by the end of 2017, there were 53,261 reported cases. To add to Venezuela's political and financial woes, malaria continues to increase, such that, 300,189 cases were reported by the end of week 42, 2017. The only rational pathway to malaria elimination is sustained nation-level financial support that does not fall prey to political vicissitudes.

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Section: Nyssorhynchus Darlingimentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria Transmission in South America—Present Status and Prospects for Elimination

Conn¹,

Grillet²,

Correa³

et al. 2018

Towards Malaria Elimination - A Leap Forward

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The ambiguity in the latter cases arose from varying results based on mosquito species in question and the landscape context [42], the type of forest studied (sustainable forest reserve versus protected forest reserve; [45]), or the metric used to measure malaria (entomological inoculation rate (EIR) versus human-biting rate (HBR); [46]). Also, five of these 12 papers supported the idea that initial deforestation in new settlements increases malaria risk, but as deforestation proceeds it can translate into lower malaria risk [13,17,37–39].…”

Section: Systematic Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does deforestation promote or inhibit malaria transmission in the Amazon? A systematic literature review and critical appraisal of current evidence

Lima

Vittor

Rifai

et al. 2017

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Considerable interest in the relationship between biodiversity and disease has recently captured the attention of the research community, with important public policy implications. In particular, malaria in the Amazon region is often cited as an example of how forest conservation can improve public health outcomes. However, despite a growing body of literature and an increased understanding of the relationship between malaria and land use / land cover change (LULC) in Amazonia, contradictions have emerged. While some studies report that deforestation increases malaria risk, others claim the opposite. Assessing malaria risk requires examination of dynamic processes among three main components: (i) the environment (i.e. LULC and landscape transformations), (ii) vector biology (e.g. mosquito species distributions, vector activity and life cycle, plasmodium infection rates), and (iii) human populations (e.g. forest-related activity, host susceptibility, movement patterns). In this paper, we conduct a systematic literature review on malaria risk and deforestation in the Amazon focusing on these three components. We explore key features that are likely to generate these contrasting results using the reviewed articles and our own data from Brazil and Peru, and conclude with suggestions for productive avenues in future research.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Conservation, biodiversity and infectious disease: scientific evidence and policy implications'.

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“…Vegetation cover, an important indicator of available mosquito habitat, could also be a useful screening tool and has yet to be evaluated for RCD strategies. 13,48,49 Finally, the risk factors shown to be associated with positive households in this low transmission setting of Choma District, Zambia may not be applicable in other endemic regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Improving the efficiency of reactive case detection for malaria elimination in southern Zambia: A cross-sectional study

Bhondoekhan

Searle

Hamapumba

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Reactive case detection (RCD) seeks to enhance malaria surveillance and control by identifying and treating parasitemic individuals residing near index cases. In Zambia, this strategy starts with passive detection of symptomatic incident malaria cases at local health facilities or by community health workers, with subsequent home visits to screen-and-treat residents in the index case and neighboring (secondary) households within a 140-meter radius using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). However, a small circular radius may not be the most efficient strategy to identify parasitemic individuals in low-endemic areas with hotspots of malaria transmission. To evaluate if RCD efficiency could be improved by increasing the probability of identifying parasitemic residents while screening fewer houses, we incorporated environmental risk factors and a larger screening radius (250 meters) in a region of low malaria endemicity. Methods: Between January 12, 2015 and July 26, 2017, 4,170 individuals (residing in 158 index and 531 secondary households) were enrolled and completed a baseline questionnaire in the catchment area of Macha Hospital in Choma District, Southern Province, Zambia. Plasmodium falciparum prevalence was measured using PfHRP2 RDTs and qPCR. A Quickbird™ high-resolution satellite image of the catchment area was used to create environmental risk factors in ArcGIS, and generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate associations between risk factors and secondary households with parasitemic individuals. Results: The overall parasite prevalence in secondary (non-index case) households was 0.7% by RDT and 1.8% by qPCR. 8.5% (45) of secondary households had at least one resident with parasitemia by qPCR or RDT. The risk of a secondary household having a parasitemic resident was significantly increased in proximity to higher order streams and marginally with increasing distance from index households. The adjusted OR for proximity to third- and fifth-order streams were 2.97(95% CI: 1.04 – 8.42) and 2.30 (95% CI: 1.04 – 5.09), respectively, and that for distance to index households for each 50 meters was 1.24 (95% CI: 0.98– 1.58). Conclusion: Applying proximity to streams as a screening tool, 16% (3) more malaria-positive secondary households were identified than using a 140 m circular screening radius. This analysis highlights the potential use of environmental risk factors as a screening strategy to increase RCD efficiency.

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Malaria entomological risk factors in relation to land cover in the Lower Caura River Basin, Venezuela

Abstract: To explore the effects of deforestation and resulting differences in vegetation and

Cited by 36 publications

References 34 publications

Malaria Transmission in South America—Present Status and Prospects for Elimination

Malaria Transmission in South America—Present Status and Prospects for Elimination

Does deforestation promote or inhibit malaria transmission in the Amazon? A systematic literature review and critical appraisal of current evidence

Improving the efficiency of reactive case detection for malaria elimination in southern Zambia: A cross-sectional study

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