Paracoccidioides brasiliensis habitat: far beyond armadillo burrows?

Macedo, Priscila Marques de; Scramignon-Costa, Bruno de Souza; Almeida‐Paes, Rodrigo; Trilles, Luciana; Oliveira, Larissa Siston Cosendey de; Zancopé‐Oliveira, Rosely Maria; Valle, Antônio Carlos Francesconi do; Wanke, Bodo

doi:10.1590/0074-02760200208

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…To overcome the difficulties with isolating fastidious thermodimorphic fungi from the environment, molecular methods are increasingly being used [ 24 , 33 , 40 ]. An important factor of success is the method used for fungal detection, and in other models, such as P. brasiliensis , the most effective technique is nested-PCR [ 24 , 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soil samples were obtained in Seropédica (22°46′52.3′′ S, 043°45′27.1′′ W) and Nova Iguaçu (22°40′37.3′′ S, 043°24′17.7′′ W), both cities located in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. The samples were taken in rural areas where Paracoccidioides brasiliensis was recently described [ 24 ]. Approximately 100 g of soil were collected using sterile shovels, and stored in sealed sample collection bags (Nasco Sampling/Whirl-Pak ® , Madson, WI, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DNA extraction was performed as described [ 24 ] using the DNeasy ® PowerSoil ® Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany), following the manufacturer’s instructions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beyond Domestic Cats: Environmental Detection of Sporothrix brasiliensis DNA in a Hyperendemic Area of Sporotrichosis in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

Almeida-Silva

Rabello

Scramignon-Costa

et al. 2022

JoF

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In Brazil, sporotrichosis has transitioned from a rural to urban disease, driven by a shift in the initiation of infection from the accidental inoculation of organic matter to the traumatic implantation of the fungus by cats. Since the emergence of zoonotic sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis, investigations have largely ignored the environmental habitat of the pathogen due to its association with domestic cats. Therefore, we investigated 18 environmental samples collected from rural areas of two cities where zoonotic sporotrichosis is endemic, but where domestic cats are scarce. We utilized traditional culture methods, and samples were also examined with two molecular methods used for the clinical diagnosis of sporotrichosis: a nested-PCR targeting the ITS region and a species-specific PCR targeting the calmodulin gene. No Sporothrix colonies were identified by traditional culture methods. However, the nested-PCR and the species-specific PCR for S. brasiliensis were positive for 18 and 5 samples, respectively. Sequencing revealed that positive results with the nested-PCR were due to non-specific amplification of other Ophiostomatales DNA, rather than Sporothrix spp. Three of the five amplicons from the species-specific PCR were suitable for sequencing and confirmed the presence of S. brasiliensis DNA. Hence, we confirmed that S. brasiliensis, as with other Sporothrix species, has an environmental habitat. Our findings underscore the challenges of nested-PCR for Sporothrix environmental studies and highlight that sequencing must follow PCR protocols to definitively identify Sporothrix spp. in environmental samples.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beyond Domestic Cats: Environmental Detection of Sporothrix brasiliensis DNA in a Hyperendemic Area of Sporotrichosis in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

Almeida-Silva

Rabello

Scramignon-Costa

et al. 2022

JoF

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“…DNA extraction directly from wood fragments was conducted as described by Macedo et al. (2020) , using the DNeasy ® PowerSoil ® Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Isolation of Sporothrix brasiliensis in an Area With Recurrent Feline Sporotrichosis Cases

Rabello

Almeida-Silva

Scramignon-Costa

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Sporotrichosis has been expanding throughout the Brazilian territory in recent years. New outbreaks have emerged, and consequently, the sporotrichosis agents, mainly Sporothrix brasiliensis, should remain in the environment somehow. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of Sporothrix spp. in the environment from an area of the Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, with recurrent cases of human and animal sporotrichosis. Abandoned demolition timber wood samples were collected in the garden of a house where the cases of human and feline sporotrichosis have occurred in the last 10 years. The environmental survey revealed a Sporothrix spp. colony from the serial dilution cultures of one abandoned demolition wood sample. In addition, a fungal strain isolated from a cat with skin lesions that lived in the house was also included in the study. The species-specific PCR, and calmodulin partial sequencing identified the environmental and cat isolates as S. brasiliensis. Furthermore, the phylogenetic analysis performed with the partial sequences of internal transcribed spacer region and constitutive genes (calmodulin, β-tubulin, and chitin synthase) showed high similarity between environmental and cat isolates from the same geographic region. Moreover, the antifungal susceptibility test revealed that the minimal inhibitory concentration of itraconazole from the environment isolate was lower than the cat isolate, while amphotericin B and terbinafine were similar. Our results show that S. brasiliensis is able to maintain itself in the environmental material for years. With this, we corroborate that the eco-epidemiology of sporotrichosis is not well understood, and despite the major occurrence of S. brasiliensis in Brazil, it is rarely isolated from the environment.

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“…Despite being a worrisome public health problem, the emergence of acute PCM cases seems to be an opportunity to understand better the process of infection and to identify risk areas, thus helping to promote prevention policies. The recent detection of specific DNA sequences of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in shallow soil samples from the roadside of the acute PCM outbreak area in the state of Rio de Janeiro reinforced the association between the highway construction and the occurrence of these severe acute PCM cases [ 5 ]. Moreover, this study discusses that Paracoccidioides spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular eco-epidemiology of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in road-killed mammals reveals Cerdocyon thous and Cuniculus paca as new hosts harboring this fungal pathogen

et al. 2021

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Wild animals infected with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis represent important indicators of this fungal agent presence in the environment. The detection of this pathogen in road-killed wild animals has shown to be a key strategy for eco-epidemiological surveillance of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), helping to map hot spots for human infection. Molecular detection of P. brasiliensis in wild animals from PCM outbreak areas has not been performed so far. The authors investigated the presence of P. brasiliensis through nested-PCR in tissue samples obtained from road-killed animals collected nearby a human PCM outbreak spot, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil and border areas. Eighteen species of mammals were analyzed: Dasypus novemcinctus (nine-banded armadillo, n = 6), Cerdocyon thous (crab-eating fox, n = 4), Coendou spinosus (hairy dwarf porcupine, n = 2), Lontra longicaudis (Neotropical river otter, n = 1), Procyon cancrivorus (crab-eating raccoon, n = 1), Galactis cuja (lesser grison, n = 1), Tamandua tetradactyla (collared anteater, n = 1), Cuniculus paca (paca, n = 1), and Bradypus variegatus (brown-throated three-toed sloth, n = 1). Specific P. brasiliensis sequences were detected in the liver, spleen, and lymph node samples from 4/6 (66.7%) D. novemcinctus, reinforcing the importance of these animals on Paracoccidioides ecology. Moreover, lymph nodes samples from two C. thous, as well as lung samples from the C. paca were also positive. A literature review of Paracoccidioides spp. in vertebrates in Brazil indicates C. thous and C. paca as new hosts for the fungal pathogen P. brasiliensis.

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Paracoccidioides brasiliensis habitat: far beyond armadillo burrows?

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Beyond Domestic Cats: Environmental Detection of Sporothrix brasiliensis DNA in a Hyperendemic Area of Sporotrichosis in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

Beyond Domestic Cats: Environmental Detection of Sporothrix brasiliensis DNA in a Hyperendemic Area of Sporotrichosis in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

Environmental Isolation of Sporothrix brasiliensis in an Area With Recurrent Feline Sporotrichosis Cases

Molecular eco-epidemiology of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in road-killed mammals reveals Cerdocyon thous and Cuniculus paca as new hosts harboring this fungal pathogen

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