Superinfection exclusion studies using West Nile virus and Culex flavivirus strains from Argentina

Co‐infections: Simultaneous detections of West Nile virus and Usutu virus in birds from Germany

“…The superinfection exclusion is considered as a protection strategy of the 'primary virus' from the competing related 'secondary virus' within the same host (Wang et al, 2020). This strategy has been observed in different flaviviruses, such as dengue virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Nhumirim virus and Culex flavivirus, in mosquito cells (Goenaga et al, 2020;Kanthong et al, 2010;Kenney et al, 2014;Pepin et al, 2008), and other members of the family Flaviviridae, such as Hepatitis C virus and bovine viral diarrhoea virus in vertebrate cell lines (Lee et al, 2005;Tscherne et al, 2007).…”

Insect-specific viruses in the Parvoviridae family: Genetic lineage characterization and spatiotemporal dynamics of the recently established Brevihamaparvovirus genus

“…As it has been previously considered for other ISVs (Goenaga et al, 2020), Brevihamaparvoviruses are not only widespread in a variety of wild mosquito species, but have also been found to interfere in vitro with the replication of bona fide arboviruses, such as reducing the severity of the cytopathic effects induced by dengue virus infection in C6/36 cells persistently infected with Aedes albopictus Brevihamaparvovirus (Burivong et al, 2004). These observations highlight the potential use of certain arboviruses as biological agents to interfere with vector competence.…”

Readdressing the genetic diversity and taxonomy of the Mesoniviridae family, as well as its relationships with other nidoviruses and putative mesonivirus-like viral sequences

“…Studies like these should continue to be executed in the future. Their potential to be developed as biological control agents, which have been identified in similar viruses (Goenaga et al, 2020), also remains unclear and is an important area for future investigation.…”