Emergence of Trichosporon mycotoxinivorans (Apiotrichum mycotoxinivorans) invasive infections in Latin America

Abstract

We report the first two cases of Trichosporon mycotoxinivorans infections in Latin America. We also conducted a literature review and a microbiological investigation, including that of clinical and environmental isolates. A 30-year-old man with chronic renal failure had disseminated infection after dialysis and a 15-year-old boy with cystic fibrosis (CF) had pulmonary exacerbations with positive respiratory samples. A review of the relevant literature revealed that deep-seated infections were related to immunosuppression or invasive devices, while most of the CF patients showed a decline in lung function after positive cultures. Phylogenetic analyses revealed three distinct circulating genotypes. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis showed similar spectral profiles and correctly identified all strains/isolates. Biofilm production was documented in a bloodstream isolate and biofilm-producing cells showed high minimum inhibitory concentrations against antifungals.

Yeasts isolated from a lotic continental environment in Brazil show potential to produce amylase, cellulase and protease

“…Based on sequencing of the 26S gene and DNA fingerprint, all other samples were identified as Apiotrichum mycotoxinivorans and showed cellulase and amylase production capacities. This microorganism was classified in the genus Trichosporon and was first described in 2004 [ 3 ]. Although the 5 yeasts were identified as the same species and showed similar phenotypes and fingerprint band profiles, they showed different behavior for amylase and cellulase production.…”

Clinical Characteristics of Community-acquired Pneumonia due to Infection with Trichosporon asahii

“…It is an opportunistic pathogenic fungus, accounting for 74% of the species of trichosporium [8].Currently, it is been considered that ascaris is a opportunistic pathogen that can affect the skin, lymph nodes, blood ow, craniocerebral, respiratory, liver and other systems [9][10].May have lung, skin, haematogenous and disseminated infections, such as pneumonia and endocarditis;In general, pathogenesis often occurs in patients with low immune function, tumors, combined with blood or organ transplantation, through hematogenous infection or systemic invasion, such as human immunode ciency virus infection, duct-related infection, burns, arti cial heart valve disease and peritoneal dialysis [11]. Thus, current studies indicate that risk factors for infection include neutropenia, organ transplantation, diabetes, end-stage kidney disease, HIV infection, immunosuppressive agents, and the use of invasive medical devices.Catheter infection is a major source [12][13].In this group, 10 patients were cultured from the urine culture and underwent invasive surgery to preserve the catheter. The presence of catheter-related infection was the main source of trichoderma asahi.…”

Whole-Genome Sequencing and Bioinformatics Analysis of Apiotrichum mycotoxinivorans: Predicting Putative Zearalenone-Degradation Enzymes

“…Apiotrichum mycotoxinivorans is a human pathogen, especially in cystic fibrosis patients with lung infections (Almeida et al, 2017). To the best of our knowledge, although some relevant clinical cases have been reported, the pathogenic genes have not been successfully identified in A. mycotoxinivorans due to the lack of genomic resources.…”

“…Homologous modeling and molecular docking are used to investigate the potent substrate-enzyme interactions. Pathogenomics of A. mycotoxinivorans were also investigated based on genome annotation, since the emergence of invasive infections have been recently reported (Almeida et al, 2017;Dabas et al, 2017).…”